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1、名词解释Heroic Couplet : a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter, and written in an elevated style.1 Renaissance:a revival or rebirthof the artistic and scientificrevivalwhich originated inItaly in the14th century and graduallyspread all over Europe. Ithas twofeatures: a thirstingc
2、uriosity for the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity.2 Sonnet:14-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter.3 Blank verse:poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.4 Neoclassicism: the Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Ro
3、man works. This tendency is known as Neoclassicism.5 Sentimentalism: it was one of the important trends in English literature of the later decades of the 18 th century. It concentrated on the free expression of thoughts and emotions, and presented a new view of human nature which prized feeling over
4、 thinking, passion over reason.6 Romanticism:imagination,emotionand freedomare certainlythe focalpointsofromanticism. The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society;
5、 the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature.7 Lake Poets : the English poets who lived in and drew inspiration from the Lake District at the beginning of the 19 th century.8 Byronic Heroes: a variant of the Romantic heroes as a type of character( enthusiasm
6、, persistence, pursuing freedom), named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron.9 Realism: seeks to portray familiar characters, situations, and settings in a realistic manner. This is done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail.10 Aes
7、theticism: an art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts.11 Stream-of-Consciousness: it is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur without any clarification
8、 by the author. It is a narrative mode.12 Dramatic Monologue : a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.13 Iambic Pentameter : a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by
9、 a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb.14 Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.15 Elegy: a poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual; may also be a lament over the passing
10、of life and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type of lyric poem.16 Canto:a section of a long poem. The cantos can be a great poem17 Ode: a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subjects. Odes are written for a special occas
11、ion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event.Spenserian Stanza: a nine-line stanza made up of 8 lines of iambic pentameter ending with an Alexandrine. Its thyme scheme is ababbcbcc. This stanza was common to travel literature.18 Metrical Pattern : a lyric poem of five 14-lined stanz
12、as containing four tercets and a closing couplet. The rhyme scheme is aba bcb cdc ded ee.精品文库文学史中古时期1.Beowulf 贝奥武甫 : the natural epic of the English people; Denmark story, alliteration, metaphor, understatements2.Sir Gawain and Green Knight 高文爵士和绿衣骑士3.Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里 乔叟）： the Father of English
13、 Poetry; The Canterbury Tales 埃特伯雷故事集（ 24stories)文艺复兴时期1.Thomas More : Utopia乌托邦 - the communication between more and the traveler which just came back from Utopia.2.Francis Bacon: the first English Essayist; Essays 随 笔 集 - Of Studies, Of Truth (philosophical and literary works)3.Thus Wyatt :first t
14、o introduce the sonnet into English literature.4.Edmund Spenser :Poets poet; The Fairy Queen仙后 (to Queen Elizabeth I)5.William Shakespeare :Sonnet 18(Shall I compare thee to a summers day)17 世纪英国文学1.John Donne: the leading poet of Metaphysical school of poetry; A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 分离：
15、莫忧伤2.John Milton : Paradise Lost失乐园（a revolt against Gods authority), Paradise Regained 复乐园（ how Christ overcame Santa) stories were taken from Bible3.John Bunyan : the son of Renaissance; Pilgrims Progress 天路历程 (imagination, shadowing, realistic religious allegory)18 世纪英国文学Novel ：1.the age of reason, classicism, sentimentalism and romanticism (novels, prose, dramas, poetry)2.Daniel Defoe : representative of English realistic novel; Robinson Crusoe鲁滨逊漂流记 (the development of a young man from a naive and
