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1、2022年考博英语-湖南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I only know the man by （ ）but I have never spoken to him.问题1选项A.chanceB.heartC.sightD.experience【答案】C【解析】短语辨析。句意:我只是好像和他见过, 但没有和他说过话。by chance偶然，意外地; by heart 凭记忆; by sight面熟; by experience凭经验。2. 单选题A great amount of work has gone into（ ） the Cathedral to its pre
2、vious splendor.问题1选项A.refreshingB.restoringC.renovatingD.renewing【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。句意: 大量的修复工作已经使大教堂回复到了它先前的壮观景象。Refresh 更新; restore 使.恢复到之前或原始的状态; renovate 修复到之前或更佳的状态; renew （遭到损害后）重生。句中并未提及教堂被损坏，并且提及大量的修复工作,因此renovate最合适。3. 单选题Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a crit
3、ical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. B
4、ut clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still
5、backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily agai
6、n. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually tur
7、ns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1, 000 words which he can put into sentences, and at
8、four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is bom with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, if the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,
9、 say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern toy-bear”. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on in
10、teraction between the mother and the child , where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling （呼呀学语）, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals
11、. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.1.The purpose of Frederick IIs experiment was（ ） .2.The reason some children are backward in speaking is most likely that （ ）.3.What is particularly remarkable about a child is that（ ） .4.Which of t
12、he following can be inferred from the passage?5.If a child starts to speak later than others, he will in future（ ）.问题1选项A.to prove that children are bom with the ability to speakB.to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speechC.to find out what role careful nursing wo
13、uld play in teaching a child to speakD.to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language问题2选项A.they are incapable of learning language rapidlyB.they are exposed to too much language at onceC.their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speakD.their mothers are not intelli
14、gent enough to help them问题3选项A.he is bom with the capacity to speakB.he has a brain more complex than an animalsC.he can produce his own sentencesD.he owes his speech ability to good nursing问题4选项A.The faculty of speech is inborn in man.B.The childs brain is highly selective.C.Most children learn the
15、ir language in definite stages.D.All the above.问题5选项A.have a high IQB.be less intelligentC.be insensitive to verbal signalsD.not necessarily be backward【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节题。该实验目的出现在第一段最后一句: Hoping to discover what 1anguage a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent (他希望能够发现孩子在没有听到任何母语的时候会说什么，并嘱咐护士们保持沉默)。因此B项(发现孩子在没有听到任何人类语言的情况下会说什么语言)正确。2.细节题。根据题干关键词backward in speaking定位至第三段, 后一句给出了原因: Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signa
