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1、2022年考博英语-湘潭大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Some people view life as a(n)（ ）conflict between the forces of good and evil.问题1选项A.externalB.internalC.maternalD.eternal【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析题。根据句意一些人把生活看作是正义力量与恶势力之间的一种外部冲突。可知是将生活看作是一种外部冲突。A选项external “外部的，外部”; B选项internal “内部的”；C选项maternal “母性的”； D选项eternal “永恒的
2、”。A选项正确。2. 单选题Unlike philosophers who constructed theoretically ideal states, she built a theory based on（ ）; thus, although her constructs may have been inelegant, they were（ ） sound.问题1选项A.intuition. intellectuallyB.surmise . scientificallyC.experience. empiricallyD.conjecture . factually【答案】C【解析】
3、名词和副词词义辨析。A选项的intuition “直觉”；intellectually “智力上，理智地”；B选项的surmise “猜测，猜想”；scientifically “合乎科学地，系统地”；C选项的experience “经验， 阅历”；empirically “以经验为主地”；D选项的conjecture “推测，猜想，揣摩”；factually “事实地，确实地”。根据句意 与那些构建理论上完美理想状态的哲学家不同，她以经验为依据建立 其理论，因此，尽管她的概念可能比较粗糙，但它们从经验主义的角度看却是切实可行的确定C选项正确。3. 单选题Miss Robin tried to
4、（ ）all errors from the typescript by going through it very carefully.问题1选项A.objectB.duplicateC.approveD.eliminate【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。A选项 “反对，抗议”； B选项 “复制，重复”； C选项 “同意，赞成”； D选项 “消除，清除，淘汰”；依据句意罗宾小姐仔细检查打字稿，力求消除所有的错误确定D选项正确。4. 单选题Most scholars agree that Isaac Newton, while formulating the laws of force and g
5、ravity and inventing the calculus in the late 1600s, probably knew all the science there was to know at the time. In the ensuing 350 years an estimated 50 million research papers and innumerable books have been published in the natural sciences and mathematics. The modem high school student probably
6、 now possesses more scientific knowledge than Newton did. Yet science to many people seems to be an impenetrable mountain of facts.One way scientists have tried to cope with this mountain is by becoming more and more specialized. Another strategy for coping with the mountain of information is to lar
7、gely ignore it. That shouldnt come as a surprise. Sure, you have to know a lot to be a scientist, but knowing a lot is not what makes a scientist. What makes a scientist is ignorance. This may sound ridiculous, but for scientists the facts are just a starting place. In science, every new discovery r
8、aises 10 new questions.By this calculus, ignorance will always grow faster the knowledge. Scientists and laypeople alike would agree that for all we have come to know, there is far more we dont know. More important, every day there is far more we know we dont know. One crucial outcome of scientific
9、knowledge is to generate new and better ways of being ignorant - not the kind of ignorance that is associated with a lack of curiosity or education but rather a cultivate, high-quality ignorance. This gets to the essence of what scientists do - they make distinctions between qualities of ignorance.
10、They do it in grant proposals and over beers at meetings. As James Clerk Maxwell, probably the greatest physicist between Newton and Einstein, said, Thoroughly conscious ignorance . is a prelude to every real advance in knowledge.This perspective on science - that it is about the questions more than
11、 the answers - should come as something of a relief. It makes science less threatening and far more friendly and in fact, fun. Science becomes a series of elegant puzzles and puzzles within puzzles - and who doesnt like puzzles? Questions are also more accessible and often more interesting than answ
12、ers; answers tend to be the end of the process, whereas questions have you in the thick of things.Lately this side of science has taken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of science - that it is a pile of facts way too big for us to ever hope to conquer. But if scient
13、ists would talk about the questions, and if the media reported not only on new discoveries but the questions they answered and the new puzzles they created, and if educators stopped trafficking in facts that are already available on Wikipedia - then we might find a public once again engaged in this
14、great adventure that has been going on for the past 15 generations.1.Which of the following is best supported in this passage?2.Why is it a relief that science is about the questions more than the answers?3.The expression take a backseat in paragraph 5 probably means（ ）.4.What is the authors greates
15、t concern in the passage?问题1选项A.A scientist is a master of knowledge.B.Knowledge generates better ignorance.C.Ignorance is a sign of lack of education.D.Good scientists are thoroughly ignorant.问题2选项A.Because people like solving puzzles.B.Because questions make science accessible.C.Because there are more questions than answers.D.Because questions point the way to deep answers.问题3选项A.take a back place.B.have a different role.C.be of greater priority.D.become less important问题4选项A.The involvement of the public in science.B.Sci
