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1、2022年高中英语（人教大纲）第三册：Unit1 That must be a record(备课资料).异域风情1.The Longest Fence in the WorldThe Australian government has built the longest fence in the world.It is 9500 kilometres long,and two hundred men look after it.They drive along it and repair it every day.Sand blows against it and buries it.San
2、d blows away from it and leaves holes under it.Rabbits make holes through it.These holes are dangerous.The man has to repair them immediately.If they do not,the dingoes will get in.Dingoes are wild dogs.They are the fiercest killers in Australia.Wild animals usually kill for foodbut dingoes will for
3、 pleasure.One dingo can easily kill 100 sheep in a night,or a flock of sheep in a few days.Dingoes killed 600 000 sheep in Queensland in eleven years.Those sheep were worth 2 000 000.The farmers were angry,but they could not stop the dingoes.This problem was too big for the farmers to solve.So the g
4、overnment agreed to build the fence.Why?Because Australia depends on her sheep.She exports 45 percent of all the wool in the world.She must win the fight against the dingoes.2.The Worlds Largest LibraryYou might think the largest library in the world would be in Europe.But it isnt.Its in Washington
5、D.C.Its called the Library of Congress.President John Adams started the library in 1800 for members of Congress.He wanted them to be able to read books about law.The first 740 books were bought in England.They were simply set up in the room where Congress met.Then Thomas Jefferson sold Congress many
6、 of his own books.He felt Congress should have books on all subjects,not just on law.This idea changed the library for good.The library grew and grew.Now it covers acres of land.It contains 20 million books as well as scores of pictures,movies,globes and machines.Experts in every field work there.Hu
7、ndreds of people call every day with all kinds of questions.Many of them get answers right over the phone.The library is a hugh storehouse.Thomas Edisons first movie and Houdinis magic books reside there.And it is the proud owner of the worlds best collection of ic books.知识归纳1.名词化形容词、名词化分词在句中作主语时的主谓
8、一致。定冠词the与形容词或分词连用时起名词的作用，它们既可以表示一类人，也可以表示一类物。它们在句中作主语时的主谓一致问题应注意，现将其用法归纳如下：(1)the+形容词或分词作主语，指一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式。The wounded are well taken care of in the hospital.伤员在医院得到了很好的照顾。The living are more important to us than the dead.对我们来说，活着的人比死者更重要。(2)the+形容词作主语，表示抽象概念，指一类物时，谓语动词要用单数形式。The latest is that h
9、e is elected manager.最新的消息是他被选为经理。The unknown is sure to happen.预料不到的事一定会发生。(3)两个the+形容词或分词由and连接，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The wounded and the dying were taken to hospital.受伤的人和生命垂危的人被送往医院。(4)有些表示民族的形容词，如Chinese,Irish,French及British等与the连用，既可指整个民族，也可专指某国的部分人，谓语动词用复数形式。特指某一个人时，谓语动词用单数形式。The Chinese are indu
10、strious and brave.中国人民勤劳勇敢。The British drink a great deal of tea.英国人喝茶。The Chinese is a writer.这位中国人是作家。此句中Chinese是名词，特指某一个中国人。(5)定冠词the与above,below,former,latter,first,last等形容词连用，谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式，要看上下文而定。The above is the most important sentence.上面的句子很重要。The above are the most important facts.上述事实很重要
11、。2.让步状语（从句）的归纳在中学阶段，我们学过的引导让步状语（从句）表示“尽管（虽然，即使）”的词语通常有although,though,while,as,even though,even if,despite,in spite of等。在这些词语中除了后两个是介词、介词短语外，其余都是从属连词。现将这些词语的主要用法归纳如下。(1)从属连词although,though,while,as,even though,even if的用法。在正常语序中的让步状语从句，通常用although,though,while,even though引导从句。该从句可以位于主句前，也可位于主句后。altho
12、ugh较正式些，though较口语化，while可与though互换，但while不太常用，even though含有强调意味。Although/Though/While/Even though the work is hard,I enjoy it.尽管这项工作艰难，但我却喜欢它。Lucy could not get out of the trouble although/though/while/even though she tried her best.虽然露茜尽了尽大努力，但还是未能摆脱困境。注意：在上述两句中的though,although,while或even though都不能
13、用as代替，而且even though中的though不能用although代替。让步状语从句中的动词用一般现在时表将来或一般的行为时，常用even though/if，而一般不用though,although,while或as。I wont attend the party even though/if I am invited.即使邀请我，我也不会参加这个聚会。但如果though 引导的让步状语从句中有情态动词，也可以用even though/if跟一般现在时来代替，表示习惯性的行为。Even if/though you dont like beer(Though you may not
14、like beer),try a glass of this.尽管你不喜欢啤酒，也要喝下这一杯。当让步状语从句的动词用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设时，常用even though或even if，而不用其他四个连词。He isnt stupid.Even though/if he were slow in study,he shouldnt give up his studies.他并不笨，即使他学得慢一点，也不应该放弃学习。倒装语序的让步状语从句起强调作用，从属连词通常用though,as，而不用although,while,even though，这种从句均放在主句之前，位于句首。它的词序是
15、要把形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前，常见的结构有以下几种：A.adj./adv.+as/though+主语+其他成分Cold as it was,they went on working on the farm.尽管天冷，但他们继续在田里干活。Much as I like the necklace,I will not buy it.尽管我喜欢这条项链，我还是不会买的。B.v.+as+Sub.+情态动词（助动词）+其他成分Try as she might,she couldnt open the door.虽然她试了几次，但仍打不开那扇门。C.n.+as+Sub.+其他成分Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是小孩，却懂很多东西。注意：child前不带不定冠词a当状语从句用although/though/even though引导时，不能与but连用，但可与yet或still连用，构成though/although.yet/still结构。Although/Though/Even though he tried his best,(yet/still) he failed.他虽然竭尽全力，但还是失败了。（2）despite及in spite of的用法介词despi
