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1、2022年考博英语-国防科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Since the economic reform, with prices _ so much, it is hard for the many kindnesses you have shown my son.问题1选项A.swingingB.wavingC.fluctuatingD.vibrating【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项swing“摇摆”，B项wave“挥手，挥手示意”，C项fluctuate“波动，涨落”，D项vibrate“振动，颤动”。空格部分是一个with复合结构的独立主格结构，所
2、以空格处要填入一个动词与price（价格）搭配，四个选项中只有C项最符合。句意：自从经济改革以来，物价波动如此之大，您对我儿子的好意实在难以接受。因此，该题选择C项。2. 翻译题Four legal approaches may be followed in attempting to channel technological development in socially useful direction: specific directives, market incentive modifications, criminal prohibitions, and changes in d
3、ecision-making structures. Specific directives involve the governments identifying one or more factors controlling research, development, or implementation of a given technology. Directives affecting such factors may vary from administrative regulation of private activity to government ownership of
4、a technological operation. Market incentive modifications are deliberate alterations of the market within which private decisions regarding the development and implementation of technology are made. Such modifications may consist of imposing taxes, to cover the costs to society of a given technology
5、, granting subsidies to pay for social benefits of a technology, creating the right to sue to prevent certain technological development, or easing procedural rules to enable the recovery of damages to compensate for harm caused by destructive technological activity. Criminal prohibitions may modify
6、technological activity in areas impinging on fundamental social values, or they may modify human behavior likely to result from technological applicationsfor example, the deactivation of automotive pollution control devices in order to improve vehicle performance. Alteration of decision-making struc
7、tures includes all possible modifications in the authority, constitution, or responsibility of private and public entities deciding questions of technological development and implementation. Such alterations include the addition of public-interest members to corporate boards, the imposition by statu
8、te of duties on governmental decision-makers, and the extension of warranties in response to consumer action.【答案】参考译文：在尝试引导技术朝对社会有用的方向发展时可以采取四种法律途径：特定的指令、市场激励的更改、犯罪的禁止以及决策结构的改变。特定的指令涉及政府确定控制某一特定技术研究、发展或施行的一个或更多因素。影响这些因素的指令从私营活动的行政法规到一种技术营运的政府所有制可能有变化。市场激励的更改是市场的故意改变，而在该市场中会做出有关技术发展和施行的私营决定。这样的更改可能由征
9、税支付一种特定技术的社会成本、提供补贴支付一种技术的社会福利、创造阻止某些技术发展的起诉权或放宽程序性规则来使损害的修复能够补偿破坏性的技术活动引起的损害。犯罪的禁止可以在冲击基本社会价值的领域更改技术活动或它们可以更改可能源于技术运用的人类行为。例如，为了提高车辆性能而使汽车污染控制装置失效。决策结构的改变包括决定技术发展和施行问题的私营和公共实体的当权者、组成或职责方面所有可能的更改。这样的更改包括增加公共利益成员至公司董事会，依照法规强加职责给政府决策者和延长保修期来回应消费者的行动。3. 翻译题Whether they are male or female, adolescents f
10、eel like deciding on everything themselves in spite of parents instruction, especially when they face problems like sex, mental stress, etc., which make them feel ashamed and embarrassed. Thus they often automatically get into troubles due to their imperfect comprehension and judgment. Some are addi
11、cted to cigarettes, only several packets of which will hurt their lings and make them breathless quickly. Other cant quit drinking alcohol, whose harmful effects includes causing young pregnant women to abort or give birth to abnormal babies. The worst is drug abuse, for the withdrawal is tough once
12、 their bodies are accustomed to the drugs. Meanwhile, those who share needles bought from illegal chemists are at great risk of being infected with desperate AIDS. If so, neither injecting nor taking pills can guarantee their survival.However, dont be disappointed at or have prejudice against our ch
13、ildren so easily. After all, being awkward is an appendix of youth. As long as we strengthen communication with them instead of only banning this or banning that, we will surely help them avoid anything unfit.【答案】参考译文：不论男女，青少年们都喜欢不顾家长的指导，自己对一切作决定，特别是当他们面对如性、心理压力等等一些使他们觉得羞愧和尴尬的问题时更是如此。因此，由于他们理解力和判断力的
14、不足，他们常常会无意识地陷入困境中。有的对香烟上瘾，只要几包就会对他们的肺造成损害，使他们很容易就气喘吁吁；有的没法戒酒，喝酒带来的不良后果包括造成年轻的怀孕女性流产或生下不正常的婴儿；最糟糕的是滥用毒品，因为一旦他们的身体对毒品习惯了，要想戒毒就相当困难了。同时，那些共用从非法药剂师处购买的注射器的青少年还承担着感染令人绝望的艾滋病的极大风险。一旦感染上，不管是打针还是吃药都没法保证他们的生存了。然而，请不要轻易就对我们的孩子失望或抱有偏见，毕竟，不成熟是年轻的必然附属品。只要我们加强和他们的沟通，而不是仅仅禁止这样，不准那样，我们一定能帮助他们避开不健康的东西。4. 单选题The decr
15、ease of his fever was a benign sign.问题1选项A.unfavorableB.favorableC.harshD.unharsh【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项unfavorable“不宜的，令人不快的”，B项favorable“有利的，良好的”，C项harsh“严厉的，严酷的”，D项unharsh“不苛刻的”。句意：他退烧了是一个好兆头。根据句意可知，benign在句中表示“好的”。因此，该题选择B项。5. 单选题Although Hank appears outgoing and bold on camera, in person he is a l
16、iving picture of docility and _.问题1选项A.sycophanticB.servileC.submissiveD.slavish【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A项sycophantic“说奉承话的，阿谀的”，B项servile“奴性的，恭顺的”，C项submissive“顺从的，服从的”，D项slavish“照搬的，刻板模仿的”。根据although可知，句子前后表示对比，前面提到outgoing and bold（外向大胆），结合选项可知docility and _可填入B项表示“顺从”。句意：虽然汉克在镜头前显得外向而大胆，但他本人却是一个温顺顺从的活生生的形
