《水文学原理中英文专业词》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《水文学原理中英文专业词（11页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、水文学原理Principle of hydrologyChapter 1 绪论绪论:introduction大气圈(aerospher e)水圈(hydrospher e)岩石圈(lithospher e)生物圈(biosphere)人类圈(anthroposphere)中国四大水问题(four major water issues in China)水多(more):洪水(floods)水少(less):干旱(droughts)水浑(turbid):水土流失(soil and water losses)水脏(dirty):水污染(water pollution)水平/垂直结构(horizon
2、tal/vertical structure)河流学(potamology/river hydrology) 湖沼学(limnology/lake hydrology)水库(reservoir) 冰川水文学(glacier hydrology) 地下水水文学(groundwater hydrology)水文气象学(hydrometeorology)积云(cumulus)河口水文学(estuary hydrology) 流域水文学(basin hydrology)全球水文学(global hydrology)水文学中得环境同位素(environmental isotopes in hydrolo
3、gy)Chapter 2水文循环水文循环:hydrological cycle海洋蓄水(water storage in oceans) 蒸发(evaporation)凝结(condensation)大气蓄水(water storage in the atmosphere)冰 雪蓄水(water storage in ice and snow) 降水(precipitation)散发(transpiration)蒸散发(evapotranspiration)升华(sublimation)凝华(desublimation)地表径流(surface/direct runoff)融雪径流(snow
4、melt runoff to streams)河川径流(streamflow)泉水(spring)淡水储存(freshwater storage)下渗(infiltration)地下水出流(groundwater discharge) 地下水储存(groundwater storage)大/ 中 / 小尺度(macro-scale/mesoscale/microscale) 开放/封闭系统(open/closed system)截 留(interception)洼地储蓄(depression storage) 地下径流(groundflow)壤中流(interflow)总水量(total wa
5、te r)海洋/大陆(oceans/continent) 咸水/淡水(saline/fresh water)沼泽(marish)大气水(atmospheric water)生物水(biological water)土 壤水(soil water)Chapter 3流域与水系流域与水系:Watershed & Drainage NetworksPart 1基本概念分水线(watershed divide)非闭合流域(unclosed watershed)羽毛状水系(Elongated shape)混合状水系(mixed shape)收敛曲面(Convergent Camber)流域基本单元(Un
6、it)part 2水系得地貌特征河源(headwater)外链(External links)支流。ributary river)节点(node)内链(Internal links)Strahler分级法河数定律(the law of stream numbers) 链长度(Link Length)横断面(CCross section)闭合流域(c losed watershed)水系(Drainage Networks)平行状水系(fan shape)坡地(Slope)倾斜面(inclined plane)发散曲面(Divergent Camber出口(outlet)干流(main rive
7、r)河流长度(stream length)河长定律(the law of stream lengths) 纵断面(longitudinal section)大断面(flood cross-section)河底比降(Slope of stream bed)Part 3流域得地貌特征弯曲率(Sinuosity)流域形状(Shape of watershed)流域坡度 (Slope of watershed)流域面积及面积定律(D rainage area and the law of drainage areas)流域长度与宽度(Width and length of watershed) 形态因
8、子(Shape factor)圆度(C ircularity ratio)伸长比(Elongation ratio)河网密度与河道维持常数(D rainage density & constant of channel maintenance)河流频度与链频度(Stream frequency & link frequency)面积-河长曲线(D rainage area-stream length curve )高程曲线(Elevation curve)Chapter 4降水降水(Precipitation)Part 1 降水要素及其时空变化表示方法(Precipitation elemen
9、ts & Temporal and spatial variation)降雨得基本要素(Rainfall Elements)降雨量(深)Rainfall (depth)降雨历时(Rainfall duration)降雨强度(Rainfall intensity)降雨面积(Rainfall area)暴雨中心(Storm center)降雨强度与历时曲线(Rainfall intensity-duration curve)降雨深与面积关系曲线(Rainfall depth-area curve)降雨深与面积与历时关系曲线(Rainfall depth-area-duration curve)Pa
10、rt 2 降雨类型及其影响因素(Types of rainfall and Affecting factors)气旋雨(Cyclonic rain)对流雨(C onvectional/Convective rain)台风雨(Typhoons/Hurricanes)地形雨(Orographic rain)锋面雨(Frontal rain)非锋面雨(Non-frontal rain)Part 3 区域(流域)平均降雨量计算方法(Calculation method of Average rainfall over an area)算术平均法(Arithmetic mean method)泰森多边形
11、法(Thiessen polygon method)等雨量线法(Isohyetal method)距离平方倒数法(Inverse distance-squared method)雷达测雨 (Radar measurement of rainfall)卫星测雨 (Satellitic measurement of rainfall)Part4 降雨资料得检验(Test of rainfall data)Chapter 5土 壤 水(Soil Water)水文循环(Hydrologic Cycle)土壤颗粒(soil particles)过滤(leach)蒸发(evaporation)蒸发，散发(
12、transpiration)水分(moisture)Part 1 土壤得质地结构及“三相”关系土壤质地(Soil texture)粘粒(clay)粉粒(silt)砂粒(sand)土壤结构 (Soil configuration)土壤中得“三相”关系(Three phases within a soil)固体(Solids)液体(Liquids)空气(Vapor)固体密度(solid density)干容重(Dry bulk density)孔隙度(Porosity)质量含水率(Gravimetric water content)容积含水率(volumetric water content)饱与
13、度(the degree of saturation)充气孔隙度(Aeration porosity)孔隙比(Void ratio)Part 2 土壤水得存在形态分子力(Molecular force)土壤水作用力(Forces governing soil water)毛管力(Capillary force)粘着力(Adhesion)粘结力(Cohesion)重力(Gravitational force)土壤水类型(Soil water classification)束缚水(bound water)吸湿水(Hygroscopic Water)膜状水(Film water)毛管上升水(Asce
14、nding water in capillary tube)渗透重力水(percolating water)毛管悬着水(Suspended capillary water)sustained gravitational water(支 持重力水)土壤水分常数(Soil water constants)田间持水量(field capacity)Saturation(饱与状态)Part 3 土壤水得能量状态土水势(Soil water potential)影响因素(Affect the factors)土壤水分特性曲线(Soil water characteristic curve)Chapter
15、 6下渗下渗：InfiltrationPart 1 弓 I 言(Introduction)土壤水分剖面(soil moisture profile)下渗(infiltration)下渗率(infiltration intensity) 下渗容量(infiltration capacity)下渗曲线(infiltration capacity curve) 累积下渗曲线(accumulative infiltration capacity curve) 下渗机理(mechanism of infiltration)Part 2非饱与下渗理论()下渗方程得导出(deduction of infiltration equation)忽略重力作用得下渗方程得解(solution under gravity neglected)完全下渗方程得解(solution under whole condition)Part 3饱与下渗理论()基本方程得建立 establishment of basic equation 下渗曲线得导出(deduction of infiltration curve)Chapter 7蒸发与散发
