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1、考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题The second reason why Mr. Li went wrong lies in his failure to（ ）some additional complexities.问题1选项A.take no account ofB.give an account ofC.turn toD.take into account【答案】D【解析】take no account of不考虑, 不重视；give an account of说明, 叙述, 汇报；turn to转向, 求助于, 变成；take into account o
2、f考虑。句意：李先生犯错的第二个原因是他没有考虑到一些额外的复杂性。选项A为混淆选项, 根据failure to可知, 选项D正确。2. 单选题The employer tried to（ ） his employees from staging rolling strikes by threatening to close down the entire plant.问题1选项A.forbidB.intimidateC.avoidD.distract【答案】A【解析】forbid from.为固定搭配，意为“阻止，禁止”。句意：雇主威胁要关闭整个工厂，试图阻止他的员工罢工。选项A符合句意。3
3、. 单选题If you say that something is（ ）, you are emphasizing that it cannot be justified or, tolerated because it is extremely bad.问题1选项A.inevitableB.ineffectiveC.inexcusableD.inexplicable【答案】C【解析】inevitable必然的, 不可避免的；ineffective无效的, 不起作用的；inexcusable不可原谅的；inexplicable费解的。句意：如果你说某件事是不可原谅的, 你是在强调它是不合理的或
4、不能容忍的, 因为它是极其糟糕的。选项C更符合语境。4. 单选题After hydrogen, helium is the second most abundant element in the universe. But how do astronomers know that? It might seem that the philosopher Auguste Comte was on solid ground when he stated in 1844 that, because of the remoteness of the stars, we could never know
5、their chemical composition. Yet only a few years later chemists discovered that under the proper circumstances every element emits a certain combination of colors of light that can identify it, just as your fingerprints can identify you. By analyzing the light coming from stars, astronomers have bee
6、n able to identify the different chemical elements in the stars and in cosmic space, as well as their relative quantities. It is an interesting historical note that helium was actually found on the sun, in 1868, before it was found on earth, in the 1890s. (The name helium comes from the Greek world
7、hellos, meaning “sun”)The central principle of chemistry is that all matter is composed of atoms. These atoms emit the colors of light that characterize each element. Each atom consists of a nucleus, or positively charged core, and around this nucleus are electrons, which are negatively charged part
8、icles. The characteristic light emitted by an atom gives us information about the arrangement of electrons about the atomic nucleus. This arrangement determines the chemical properties of the atom.The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of one of its atoms. The atomic
9、 number is a fundamental property, because it also equals the number of electrons around the nucleus in the normal (electrically neutral) atom, and these electrons determine the atoms chemical properties. The periodic table of the elements (that is, their arrangement into the rows and columns based
10、on their chemical and physical properties) is a result of the way the electrons are arranged in the atoms, and this arrangement or structure depends on the number of electrons and thus on the atomic structure.1.In this passage, fundamental means（ ）.2.The authors purpose in this passage is to（ ）.3.Au
11、guste Comte said that we could never know the composition of the stars because they are（ ）.4.According to the passage, a central principle of chemistry is that（ ）.5.The tone of this passage can best be described as（ ）.6.The organizational pattern of the first paragraph of this passage is（ ）.7.The au
12、thor explains the characteristic pattern of color emitted by each element by comparing this pattern to（ ） .问题1选项A.firstB.heavyC.basicD.early问题2选项A.persuadeB.informC.entertainD.tell a story问题3选项A.moving away from usB.very far awayC.very hotD.made of helium问题4选项A.different atoms emit different color o
13、f lightB.the sun contains heliumC.the atomic number is a fundamental propertyD.all matter is composed of atoms问题5选项A.objectiveB.poeticC.hostileD.opinionated问题6选项A.chronological orderB.spatial orderC.definitionD.example illustration问题7选项A.the scales of a fishB.the feathers of a birdC.a footprintD.a f
14、ingerprint.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:D【解析】1.词汇题。根据原文可知“fundamental property”指基本性质，fundamental意为“基础的，基本的”，basic也表示“基本的”。所以选项C正确。2.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是从客观公正的角度描述事实，讲述化学物质氦的构成及其性质，所以选项B正确。3.细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“because of the remoteness of the stars, we could never know their chemical composition
15、.”由于星星距离遥远，我们永远无法知道它们的化学成分。选项B符合原文。4.根据第二段第一句“The central principle of chemistry is that all matter is composed of atoms.”化学的核心原则是所有的物质都是由原子构成的。选项D符合原文。5.观点态度题。根据原文可知，本文主要是从客观公正的角度描述事实，所以作者的态度是客观的，选项A正确。6.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段是用举例说明的方法来介绍氦元素的发现过程，所以选项D正确。chronological order时间顺序；spatial order空间顺序；definition下定义；example illustration举例说明。7.细节事实题。根据第一段第四句“under the proper circumstances every element emits a certain combination of colors of light that can
