《(完整版)初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《(完整版)初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法(7页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、9Aunit3语法(一)动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是todo;其否定形式是not todo。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1作主语 可以直接作主语。如: To see is to believe 但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: Its wrong to play tricks on other peop
2、le Its our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is adj(形容词)to do sth或 It is n(名词)to do sth句型中,it仅作形式主语。 2作宾语 awant,decide ,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如: We agreed to start early She wants to be a doctor blove,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词
3、,意思无很大区别。 提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如: I like swimming,but I dont like to swim now我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 cstop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板: 1)stop to do sth:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth:停止正在做的事。 例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talki
4、ng;when he came out,the students stopped to talk 当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别? d在findfeelitadjto do sth句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text 点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定
5、式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。 3作宾语补足语 atell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如: I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write blet,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch, notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如: The boss makes them work 16 ho
6、urs a day I heard her sing in the next room 提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the next room 4作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面 例句:I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
7、提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。如: I have a small bedroom to live in Have you got some pens to write with? 5表语:放在连系动词be后面 例句:His wish is to become a scientist The first important thing is to save the soldiers lives 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。 6作状语 a目的状语:放在go,com
8、e,use,live,in order等词后面。如: I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time b原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised, disappointed,excited等词后面。如: I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you c作结果状语。如: Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people 7与what,who
9、,whose,when,where, how等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如: I dont know what to do next(宾语) He taught us how to use the computer(宾语补足语) Its still a question how to get there(主语) 1. Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable t
10、o _.A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow?A. this B. that C. it D. which4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke5. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil6. On m
11、y way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought7. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs _, but itll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaningB. to be cleaned C. cleanD. being cleaned9. The fi
12、rst thing I want to do is _.A. visit to himB. to visit him C. visiting himD. visited him10. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking 一. 用动词不定式或ing分词填空1. I enjoy_.(sing) 2. What do you want_(do) next ?3. I learnt _(swim) w
13、hen I was three years old. 4. I was very upset and started_ (cry).5. I hope _(see) you again soon. 6. It is a fine day today, so I suggest_(go) for a walk.7. Have you finished _ (mop) the floor.8. He was very angry and refuse _(say)anything.9. Where is Lily ? I need _(talk) with her.10. I am too fat, so I have decided _(do) more exercise.二. 选出正确答案( )1. I usually go _ with my mother at weekends. A. shop B. to shop C. shopping( )2. H