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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Judges must be firm, fair and（ ）in their application of the law.问题1选项A.normalB.virtualC.consistentD.incessant【答案】C【解析】考察形容词辨析。normal “正常的”；virtual “虚拟的”；consistent “一致的”；incessant “持续不断的”。句意：法官在实施法律时，必须做到坚定、公正、一致。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题he defect in Davids character ha
2、s（ ）him from advancement in his career.问题1选项A.exemptedB.forbiddenC.underminedD.hindered【答案】D【解析】考察动词辨析。exempt “免除”；forbidden “禁止”；undermined “破坏”；hindered “阻碍”。句意为：大卫的性格缺陷阻碍了他的事业发展。选项D符合句意。3. 翻译题Politicians and the public are quick to blame college faculty members for the decline in learning, but pr
3、ofessors like all teachers are working in a context that has been created largely by others:Few people outside of higher education understand how little control professors actually have over what students can learn.Here are some reasons:Lack of student preparation. Increasingly, undergraduates are n
4、ot prepared adequately in any academic area but often arrive with strong convictions about their abilities. So college professors routinely encounter students who have never written anything more than short answers on exams, who do not read much at all，who lack foundational skills in math and scienc
5、e，yet are completely convinced of their abilities and resist any criticism of their work，to the point of anger and tears:“But I earned nothing but As in high school,” and “Your demands are unreasonable. ” Such a combination makes some students nearly unteachable.Grade inflation. It has become diffic
6、ult to give students honest feedback.The slightest criticisms have to be cushioned by a warm blanket of praise and encouragement to avoid provoking oppositional defiance or complete breakdowns.As a result, student progress is slowed, sharply. Rubric- driven approaches give the appearance of objectiv
7、ity but make grading seem like a matter of checklists, which, if completed, must ensure an A. Increasingly，time-pressured college teachers ask themselves，“What grade will ensure no complaint from the student，or worse，a battle over whether the instructions for an assignment were clear enough?”So，the
8、number of A-range grades keeps going up, and the motivation for students to excel keeps going down.Student retention. As the college-age population declines, many tuition-driven institutions struggle to find enough paying customers to balance their budgets.That makes it necessary to recruit even mor
9、e unprepared students，who then must be retained，shifting the burden for academic success away from the student and on to the teacher.Faculty members can work with an individual student，if they have time，but the capabilities of the student population as a whole define the average level of rigor that
10、is sustainable in the classroom.At some institutions, graduation rates are so high because the academic expectations are so low. Failing a lot of students is a serious risk, financially, for the college and the professor.【答案】因此，大学教授遇到的学生往往是这样的：除了会在试卷上写简要答案之外，从不动笔写任何东西，不怎么读书，缺乏基本的数理技能，却对自己的能力信心满满，还拒绝
11、接受任何针对其作业的批评，甚至到了大哭大闹的地步。稍加批评，就得施以各种赞美鼓励来缓和，以防引发对立情绪，或者情绪完全崩溃。由于时间压力，越来越多的大学老师自问：“给学生什么样的成绩才能保证他们不抱怨，更糟糕的是，才不会因为作业要求是否清晰而引发纷争?”因此，就不得不招进更多不合要求的学生，还不得不留下他们，从而将争取学业成功的负担从学生身上转嫁到老师身上。如果有时间，教师可以进行单独辅导。但是学生的整体能力决定了在课堂上能够严格要求他们的程度。4. 单选题When a book goes into translation, all those linguistic _ get lost.问题
12、1选项A.subtletiesB.manipulationsC.suppositionsD.complications【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. subtleties 微妙之处 B. manipulations 操纵，操作C. suppositions 推断，推测 D. complications 复杂因素【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】空格处和下文的“get lost（丢失）”构成主谓逻辑，说明语言上的什么东西消失了。由前半句“When a book goes into translation（当一本书被翻译时）”可知，翻译是将一种语言转换为另一种语言，所以在这个过程中会有一些语言上
13、的精妙之处丢失。subtlety指细微但重要的地方，因此A选项subtleties“微妙之处”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项manipulations“操纵，操作”指对某事物的控制或熟练地使用某物，不能和“linguistic（语言学）”进行搭配；C选项suppositions“推断，推测”指没有证据的、推测出的想法，不符合题干的语义逻辑；D选项complications“复杂因素”指难以理解、解释或处理的事物，不符合题干的语义逻辑。【句意】当一本书被翻译时，所有那些语言上的微妙之处都丢失了。5. 单选题Politicians lie, and people with a political
14、 agenda （ ）the facts to serve them.问题1选项A.slantB.imitateC.transferD.converse【答案】A【解析】考察动词辨析。slant带有偏见地报道或陈述；imitate模仿，效仿；transfer使转移；converse交谈，谈话。 句意：政客们撒谎，抱有政治目的的人歪曲事实来逢迎他们。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题Those whove heard of Zane Grey usually identify him as the author of best-selling westerns, but few realize tha
15、t he was the commercially most successful American author of the 1920s. Each year from 1915 to 1924, he had a new novel on the annual list of top-10 bestsellers. Riders of the Purple Sage, The Light of Western Stars, and The Rainbow Trail are still popular, but Greys best story may be his own colorful and remarkably little-known life.Zane Grey was born in Zanesville, Ohio. Grey recalled his own youth as full of relentless conflicts with his stern, demanding father, a farmers son who had become a successful dentist in Zanesville. Greys d
