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1、2022年考博英语-湖南大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题We all know that Mary has had a strict （ ）.问题1选项A.growthB.upbringingC.developmentD.cultivation【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。句意:我们都知道Mary家教严格。growth：成长，生长; upbring成长; development:发展，容易排除; cultivation: 侧重指“开垦，耕作”。 a strict upbring意为“严格的教养”。2. 单选题Hamilton hoped for a nation of cit
2、ies while Jefferson contented that the country should remain chiefly agricultural.问题1选项A.inclinedB.struggledC.arguedD.competed【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。汉密尔顿希望建立一个工业化国家，而杰佛逊则认为农业是国之根本。incline 倾斜，点头，易于。struggle 奋斗，努力。argue 主张，认为。compete 竞争，比赛。content赞成。故选C。3. 单选题Beneath its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose o
3、f （ ）is to make the world a pleasanter place to live in and you a more pleasant person to live with.问题1选项A.elitismB.eloquenceC.eminenceD.etiquette【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。句意: 在无数的规则下，雄辩最根本的目的是为了让这个世界成为更美好的地方，你成为更好相处的人。elitism精英主义；杰出人物统治论。eloquence 口才；雄辩；雄辩术；修辞。eminence显赫；卓越；高处。etiquette 显赫；卓越；尚处。4. 单选题This pro
4、ject would （ ）a huge increase in defense spending.问题1选项A.resultB.assureC.entailD.accomplish【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。句意: 这个项目必须要 在国防上的开支。Result导致; assure 保证, 使某人相信; entail使. 是必需的; accomplish完成, 实现 (目标)，多用于完成某项任务或目标。因此C项符合句意。5. 单选题If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly fro
5、m place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation- conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity
6、 is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. T
7、his may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong
8、, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with
9、 the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity o
10、f the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.1.According to the passage, th
11、e ocean generally has more salt in（ ） .2.The world “it” in line 4(paragraph 4) refers to（ ） .3.Why does the author mention the Weddell Sea?4.Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ocean ice?5.What can be inferred about the water near the bottom of oceans?问题1选项A.coastal areasB.tro
12、pical areasC.rainy areasD.turbulent areas问题2选项A.sea iceB.salinityC.seawaterD.manner问题3选项A.To show that this body of water has salinity variationsB.To compare Antarctic waters with Arctic watersC.To give an example of increased salinity due to freezing.D.To point out the location of deep waters问题4选项A
13、.The salt remains in the water.B.The surrounding water sinks.C.Water salinity decreases.D.The water becomes denser.问题5选项A.It is relatively warm.B.Its salinity is relatively high.C.It does not move.D.It evaporates quickly.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节题。第三段指出: Normally, in tropical regions whe
14、re the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation(通常，在光照很强的热带地区，海水盐度比世界上其他蒸发量不大的地区要高一些)。2.词义题。“it”所在句子为: Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water,此处“it”是
15、指代前面说的ice。3.推断题。根据题干定位至第五段: In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water(在南极洲外的威德尔海，海洋中密度最大的水是由于这种冻结过程而形成的，这会增加冷水的盐度)。由此可知，提及Weddell Sea,是为了证明前面提到的海水结冰对海水盐度的影响。4.推断题。文章指出,海冰的形成会引起海水盐度增加。5.推断题。文章指出，密度大的海水会下沉，可在海洋的深水域可以发现。也就是相对来说，海水的含盐度会高些。6. 单选题This book should be well-recommended within the （ ）of anyone who has studied
