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1、2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题No president who performs his duties faithfully and （ ） can have any leisure.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.conscientiouslyC.nervouslyD.piously【答案】B【解析】形近异义词辨析。consistently “一贯地，一致地”；conscientiously “良心上，切实”；nervously “紧张地”；piously “虔诚地”。句意：所有忠诚一如既往坚持职责的主席都不会有空闲时间。选项B符合题意。
2、2. 单选题The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied（ ） in the area on the night of the fire.问题1选项A.to beB.to have beenC.having beenD.be【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。Deny doing sth. “否认做过某事”。句意：警察指控他在大厦纵火，但是他否认他在场当火灾发生时。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Manufacturing is Chinas most important economic activity, （
3、）over 30 percent of the workforce.问题1选项A.includingB.engagingC.approximatingD.accounting【答案】B【解析】考查动词辦析。四个选项的意思分别是: including包含，包括； engaging聘用，雇用； approximating近似，接近； accounting记述，报告。句意:制造业是中国最重要的经济活动，雇佣了超过30%的劳动力。本题考查的是分词短语作状语，根据句意可推出正确答案是B。4. 单选题James is quite （ ） with the customs and languages of
4、the people in that part of the country.问题1选项A.knowledgeableB.commonC.awareD.familiar【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。knowledgeable “博学的”;common “普遍的”;aware “意识到的”;familiar “熟悉的”。句意：詹姆斯对这个国家的这个地区人们的习俗和语言都相当熟悉。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Teenage children began to assert their independence and this can lead to good deal of （ ） in t
5、he family.问题1选项A.controversyB.frictionC.restrictionD.contradiction【答案】B【解析】名词词义解析。controversy “辩论”；friction “摩擦”；restriction “，约束”； contradiction “矛盾，不一致”。句意：青少年开始宣称他们的独立，这样会在家庭中带来大量的摩擦。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题The increasing popularity of the motorcycle as a convenience, economical form of transportation has
6、been just short of astounding.问题1选项A.popularityB.convenienceC.formD.just short【答案】B【解析】根据题中的“economical”可知，B项的convenience应该用形容词形式，构成一个并列关系，都用来修饰form，句意：摩托车作为一种经济方便的交通形式正在日益普及，真是令人震惊。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题The American students came to our school in November, and we then made a（ ）visit to theirs.问题1选项A.bilate
7、ralB.reciprocalC.considerateD.rewarding【答案】A【解析】近义词辨析。Bilateral“双边的、双方的”，reciprocal“互惠的，相应的”，considerate “体贴的，考虑周到的”，rewarding “有益的”。句意：11月份美国学生来我校参观，我们也要参观他们的学校。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题If securities of a foreign corporation are sold in the US, the corporation is （ ） to the US law.问题1选项A.dedicatedB.subjectC.p
8、rojectedD.loyal【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。dedicated “专注于”;subject服从的；projected “突出的”;loyal “忠诚的”。句意：外国公司的证券在美国出售的前提就是必需服从美国的法律。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题Please do not be（ ）by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention.问题1选项A.distractedB.disregardedC.irritatedD.intervened【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。distrac
9、t “使心烦意乱”；disregard “忽视，不尊重”；irritate “刺激，激怒”；intervene “干涉，调停”。句意：请不要被他无礼的评论所激怒，因为他只是想引起注意。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题Using many symbols make （ ） to put a large amount of information on a single map.问题1选项A.possibleB.it possibleC.it is possibleD.that possible【答案】B【解析】语法知识。it 做形式宾语，后面用动词不定式to do 接真正的宾语。句意：用大量的符号
10、把大量的信息放在一张图上成为可能。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Freud derived psychoanalytic knowledge of childhood indirectly; he（ ） childhood processes from adult memory.问题1选项A.reconstructedB.incorporatedC.obstructedD.fostered【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。reconstruct “重现，改造”；incorporate“包含，吸收”；obstruct “阻塞，妨碍”；foster “培养，养育”。句意：弗洛伊德间接性地推断出了儿童
11、精神分析知识，从成年人的记忆中修复了儿时的记忆。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases,
12、 such as friendship group, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decad
13、es of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common ； rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs
14、of that particular group.Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of ta
15、sks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social groups members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members
