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1、2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transportation and is therefore, not（ ）to work locally.问题1选项A.compelledB.obligedC.restrictedD.repelled【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项compelled“强迫”；B选项obliged“约束”；C选项restricted“限制”；D选项repelled“击退”。句意：有车的人不再被迫依赖公共交通，因此
2、也就不再局限于在当地工作。本句表示工作地点不受到限制，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题John is（ ）hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.问题1选项A.no lessB.no moreC.not lessD.no so【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项no less“不亚于，不比少”；B选项no more“不再”；C选项not less“至少”；D选项no so“没有，不那么”。句意：约翰并不比他的姐姐少努力，但是却没有通过考试。本句表示约翰的努力不亚于他的姐姐。因此A选项正确3. 单选题Feminist socio
3、linguists, over the course of the last few decades, have conducted studies that they believe support the conclusion that women are routinely discriminated against in English-speaking society. They point to the words used to describe women, as well as the words used to describe society as a whole, as
4、 indications that the English language, and therefore the English-speaking culture, is slanted towards the advantage of males.The words used to describe women are used as instrument by feminist sociolinguists to denote an inherent sexism in the English language. Word pairs such as master and mistres
5、s and sir and madam, they claim, epitomize such sexism. All of the words in question once held positive connotations but, while the masculine forms have retained their respectable associations, the feminine forms have undergone pejoration and now imply sexual promiscuity (混杂) and other negative char
6、acteristics. Feminist researchers assume that such pejoration indicate that the status of women in English-speaking society is relatively low.These researchers also find fault with the use of masculine words to describe unisex entities. For example, they feel that there is nothing inherently mainly
7、about mankind, the best man for the job, or the common man. Similarly, the use of such constructions as the “the average students is worried about his grades” indicate to these researchers an inherent sexism in English that is reflective of the cultures in which they are produced.Carolyn Jacobson, a
8、uthor of Non-sexist Language has proposed a solution to this conundrum (难题). She advocates the elimination of all sexed words in favor of gender-neutral terms. No longer should we refer to actors and actresses or waiters and waitresses, as such dichotomies (男女有别) allow for the possibility of negativ
9、e connotations being associated with the feminine designation. Likewise, she believes that phrases such as mankind should give way to human kind and that the use of the masculine pronoun as the default should be abandoned in favor of neutral constructions. Thus, when sexism is eliminated from the En
10、glish language, the culture will be more amenable to the deliverance of women as well.1.The primary purpose of this passage is to（ ）.2.According to the passage, gender-neutral constructions should be advocated because（ ）.3.The author refers to mankind, the best man for the job, and the common man in
11、 order to（ ）.4.The word “pejoration” most probably means（ ）.5.In favor of gender-neutral terms, which of the following words can be used to describe unisex entities?问题1选项A.compare and contrast ideology in various culturesB.prove a commonly held belief to be wrongC.describe a problem and a possible s
12、olutionD.analyze the historical origins of a modern situation问题2选项A.the elimination of sexism in the English language will precede the elimination of sexism in the cultureB.they are more grammatically sound than sexed structuresC.unisex terms are less awkward in casual speechD.sex-specific terms alw
13、ays carry negative connotations问题3选项A.demonstrate the superiority of males in English-speaking societyB.provide an example of speech that is slanted towards the advantage of malesC.list the characteristics of the feminist sociolinguist movementD.discount the notion that the English language discrimi
14、nates against women问题4选项A.negative connotationB.positive connotationC.sexual characteristicD.respectable characteristic问题5选项A.mankindB.chairpersonC.supermanD.dragon lady【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头说到英语中存在对女性固有的性别歧视，接着提出了一个解决这一问题的办法，即消除所有性别词汇，而使用中性词汇。所以这篇文章的主要目的是描述了语言中存在的一个问题并提出了它的解决
15、方法。因此C选项“描述一个问题和可能的解决方法”正确。A选项“比较和对比各种文化中的意识形态”，B选项“证明一个共同的信念是错误的”，D选项“分析近代形势的历史渊源”均和文章主题无关，所以A，B，D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干关键词“neutral constructions”可以定位到文章最后一段倒数第一、二句Likewise, she believes that phrases such as mankind should give way to human kind and that the use of the masculine pronoun as the default should be abandoned in favor of neutral constructions. Thus, when sexism is eliminated from the English language, the culture will be more amenable to the deliverance of women as well.（同样地，她认为像mankind这样的短语应该让位于human kind，并且应该放弃默认使用男性代词的做法，而使用中性结构。因此，当性别歧视从英语语言中消失
