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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Chapter 1 Introduction What is the English Stylistics？It is a science that deals with the research for a wide variety of the styles of written and oral English in English language. What are language functions?a) To deliver some infor to other peopleb) To communicate with each other in s
2、ocietyHow do we express ourselves in a proper way? Several factors do work.a) Phoneticsb) Vocabularyc) Grammard) Some knowledge concerning English stylisticsThe correctness in using the language can not replace the appropriateness in language communication. Why?Four examples:a) “ Hello ” and “ Hi ”
3、b) “ Assist me! Assist me! ” and “ Aid! Aid! ” c) “Thats all right.” “Thats to say.” “Its .” d) See next page d) “ I am terribly sorry to hear that your husband has just died, but dont let it upset you too much. Youre an attractive, young lady. Im pretty sure it is very easy for you to find someone
4、else soon. ” The effects of language expressions are sometimes related to some non-linguistic factors.a) Sex - “ Oh, my God! ” b) Age - “ Cheers! ” and “ Bye for now. ” c) Vocation - “ Watch the birdie. ” d) Received education - “ go to . ” e) Social station - “ What prompted you to apply for this j
5、ob? ” Why should we learn and study English stylistics?a) It will help us to express ourselves in English properly.b) It will help us to know something about language features of a variety of English written styles.c) It will help us to select a proper way for getting the best language effects and a
6、ttaining our communicative purposes.d) It will help us to go at literary criticism.e) It will help us to do the translation work well.Chapter 2 Language Description & Stylistic AnalysisThere are 4 phonetic means in English: 1) stress 2) Intonation 3) pause 4) voice quality.Stress has several apparen
7、t stylistic and grammatical functions.(1) The first function is for emphasis.(2) The second function is to change the meaning or the part of speech of some words, or both. (3) The third function is to differ some English words(4) The fourth function is to show someones surprise, anger, fear, doubt,
8、pleasure, etc.Intonation can be employed to express peoples happiness, sadness, certainty, hesitation, depression, etc. There are 5 pitches in phonetics: (1) The falling pitch is used to show the meaning of definiteness, certainty and completeness.(2) The rising pitch is employed to show the meaning
9、 of indefiniteness, uncertainty and incompleteness.(3) The fall-rise pitch is used to give people some encouragement or give people a warning.(4) The rise-fall pitch is employed to give people a sincere praise or to show the feeling of shock.(5) The level pitch is used to give account on something h
10、appened in the past. Pause can be divided into two. a) voiced pause b) silent pauseSome useful rhetorical devices 1. Period and inversion2. Parallelism and antithesis3. Climax and anti-climax4. Repetition Chapter 3 Oral Style and Written StyleSeveral occasions for using oral style:1. In literary mas
11、terpieces2. In everyday conversation3. In informal speechesThe differences between oral communication and written communication1. Use some gestures ( body language ) in oral communication2. Use a statement as a question in oral communication3. Use some pure oral words in oral communication The compa
12、rison of language styles in oral style and in written styleWhat can be used with oral style?1) slangs 2) vogue words 3) abbreviations 4) phrasal verbs 5) idiomsWhat can be used with written style?1) Scientific English 2) Legal English 3) Religious English 4) Formal speech 5) Official documentsChapte
13、r 4 Formal Style & Informal StyleFive styles were advanced by Martin Joos in the book “ The Five Clocks ” 1) Frozen Style: legal items, historic literature, the documents for international conferences, etc. 2) Formal Style: This style is usually used to deliver some infor on formal occasions. 3) Con
14、sultative Style: With this style people usually offer some background information. It is usually employed in business activities. 4) Casual Style: People usually use it between friends, acquaintances, or insiders. Its main feature is that people usually employ ellipsis, slangs or cants with it. 5) I
15、ntimate Style: It is usually used between husband and wife. Moreover it is employed in jargons sometimes. Chapter 6 Societal Deviation in English What is societal deviation in English?Societal deviation is something about societal dialects.Black English Vernacular: (土语)urban black EnglishWhat are the reasons for you to know Black English Vernacular?n (1)It will help us to know the status que of AE.(2) It will help to read some novels in American literature.Chapter 7 Time Deviation in English Three stages of the development of English language
