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1、2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Professor Hawking is（ ） as one of the worlds greatest living physicists.问题1选项A.dignifiedB.clarifiedC.acknowledgedD.illustrated【答案】C【解析】dignify使高贵，授予荣誉；clarify澄清，阐明；acknowledge承认，认可；illustrate阐明，举例。句意：霍金教授被公认是当今世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。选项C符合语境。2. 单选题My aunt（ ）a brightly
2、-colored thread round her finger so as not to forget her appointment.问题1选项A.woundB.curvedC.spunD.bent【答案】A【解析】wind缠绕；curve使弯曲；spin旋转；bend弯曲。句意：阿姨在手指上绕了一根颜色鲜艳的线, 这样就不会忘记她的约定了。选项A符合语境。3. 翻译题 The educated man is presumed to know what is wrong in the world, and what should be done to rectify it. If his
3、education has amounted to anything, it should have increased his ability to think clearly and scientifically, and thus to know how to get at the cause and effect of political, social, economic industrial evils. No man has right to consider education as merely a personal benefit enabling him to be mo
4、re prosperous and happy in the world. He must look upon it as imposing upon him a responsibility to increase the welfare of others. Too many regard it as their own possession, and do not realize that it is something to be shared with others, and to be used for good of society at large.【答案】受过教育的人被认定能
5、辨别是非, 并能正确改正。如果他受的教育已经达到了一定程度, 便能提高其进行清晰和科学思维的能力, 从而了解政治、社会、经济工业犯罪所产生的原因和所造成的影响。没有任何人有资格只把教师当作自己的个人利益, 利用教育使自 己在这世界上变得更加富有和幸福。他必须把它看作为强加于他身上的以増加他人福利的职责。太多人把教育作为自己独有的财富, 从未认识到应该与他人一起分享, 将其最大限 度地用在社会公益事业上。4. 单选题The moist air of the Pacific Ocean brings a （ ） climate to the west coast of the United Sta
6、tes.问题1选项A.chillyB.temperateC.modestD.compromising【答案】B【解析】句意：太平洋潮湿的空气给美国西海岸带来了温和的气候。气候温和用temperate climate, 所以选项B正确。5. 单选题The teacher was in a rage with him, for his handwriting in the composition was （ ） .问题1选项A.illegibleB.incomprehensibleC.inaudibleD.decipherable【答案】A【解析】illegible难以辨认的, 字迹潦草的；inc
7、omprehensible费解的, 不可思议的；inaudible听不见的；decipherable可辨认的, 可解密的。句意：老师对他很生气, 因为他的作文字迹潦草。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题Because of their chemical structure, synthetic dyes generally（ ） more slowly than natural ones.问题1选项A.penetrateB.evaporateC.fadeD.secede【答案】C【解析】penetrate渗透, 看透；evaporate蒸发, 挥发；fade褪色；secede 脱离, 退出。句意：由
8、于化学结构的原因, 合成染料通常比天然染料褪色慢。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题In his fifties, Dr. Brown became director of the chemical company, a position he （ ） for the rest of his life.问题1选项A.attainedB.cherishedC.expandedD.retained【答案】D【解析】attain达到, 实现；cherish珍爱；expand扩大；retain保持。句意：50岁时, Brown博士成为这家化学公司的董事, 他在这个职位上呆了一辈子。只有选项D符合语境。8.
9、单选题He carried a pale bone which he kept throwing out into the dune for the bird dog to _.问题1选项A.castB.traceC.chaseD.retrieve【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项cast“扔，掷，抛”；B选项trace“寻找到，追踪”；C选项chase“追赶，追捕”；D选项retrieve“（从不属于某物应该在的地方）找回，取回”。句意：他拿着一根白骨，不断把它扔到沙丘里，让猎鸟犬去_。骨头被反复扔到沙丘里，就是为了让狗去取回，因此D选项正确。9. 单选题In North America
10、, the first canoes were constructed from logs and（ ）by means of wooden paddles.问题1选项A.dockedB.propelledC.chokedD.perceived【答案】B【解析】dock使靠码头；propel推进, 驱使；choke阻塞, 抑制；perceive觉察, 感知。句意：在北美, 最早的独木舟是用原木建造的, 并由木桨推动前行。选项B符合语境。10. 单选题_ to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to
11、 that of the collective?问题1选项A.Were you usedB.Are you usedC.Did you useD.Do you used【答案】C【解析】考查固定句型。句意：你不是经常告诉我们个人的利益应该从属于集体的利益吗？sb. used to do“某人过去常常做某事”，其一般疑问句为did sb. use to do；sb. be used to (doing) sth.“习惯于（做）某事”，其一般疑问句为be动词提前；be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”。结合语境，这里指的是过去常常告诉我们某事，C选项Did you use符合题意。因
12、此C选项正确。11. 单选题Saving money regularly during ones working years will help to（ ）ones old age from want.问题1选项A.safeguardB.assureC.guardD.guarantee【答案】A【解析】safeguard保护，保卫；assure保证，确保；guard防卫；guarantee保证，担保。safeguard.from.为固定搭配，表示“保护.使免于.”，句意：工作的时候定期存钱，有助于老年时期免受贫困之苦。选项A符合句意。12. 写作题Some people tend to stu
13、dy a subject in a very intensive way over a short period of time, while others tend to study a subject constantly over a long period of time. What do you think is a better way of learning? Explain why.【答案】Intensive Learning Is an Efficient Way for Learning13. 单选题I think she hurt my feelings（ ）rather
14、 than by accident as she claimed.问题1选项A.virtuallyB.literallyC.appropriatelyD.deliberately【答案】D【解析】根据下半句“rather than by accident.”可推测, “我认为她是故意伤害我的感情而不是她声称的偶然伤害”。所以选项D符合语境。14. 单选题Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of science, and its cumulative product is the capital of scientific progress, a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon it rise. The goal of basic research is understanding for its own sake. Understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell,
