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1、Ecology生态学Latitude 纬度individuals 个体Irradiance ireidi ?ns,-si辐射度population 种群Summer solstice 夏至communities 群落Winter solstice 冬至ecosystems 生态系统Adiabatic cooling绝热冷去 Pbehavioral ecology仃为生态学Scale尺度physiological ecology生理生态学Coriolis effect科里奥利效应evolutionary ecology进化生态学Intertropicalconvergence zonemolec
2、ular ecology分子生态学热带辐合带fitness 适合度Jet streams 急流natural selection自然选择Albedo反照率adaptation 适应Gulf stream 墨西哥湾流genotype基因型Lee of a continent背风面phenotype 表型Upwelling 上涌流phenotypic plasticity表型可塑性Adiabatic lapse rate绝热温度递offspring 后代减率genes基因Inversion 逆温nongenetic factors日遗传因素Heat of condensation 凝not inh
3、erited 不遗传Heat 热conditions 条件Temperature profiles温度剖面resources 资源Relative humidity 相对湿度environmental variation环境变异Saturated water 饱和水internal regulation内调节water vapor 水蒸汽homeostasis 稳态microclimate 微气候negative feedback 负反响thermal e:m?lconductivity热传导tolerance 而寸受性chemical properties of watertemperatu
4、re 温度水的化学特性not depletable 不能耗掉penetration of light through watersolar radiation太阳辐射光线穿透水decouple 退耦Energy transfer and water phasesniche 生态位能量转化和水相habitat 栖息地Deplete 耗竭multidimensional niche spaceIons离子多维生态位空间Electropositive 正电性的Fundamental niche 30出生态位Electronegative 负电性的Realized niche实际生态位Beer s l
5、aw 比尔定律Prey猎物Heat capacity 热容量Foraging 觅食Maximum density 最大密度Dimension轴或维Latent heat of vaporizationGlobal wind pattern地球的风型增发潜热The circulation of oceans洋流Heat of fusion 溶解热Rain降雨Sublimation 升华Havoch? v?k灾害Soil water 土壤水Hurricane 飓风Field capacity田间持水量The uptake of water by roots 根对永的吸收Aquatic plants
6、水生植物Water availability水的可利用性Plant productivity植物生产力Permanent wilting point永久萎焉占八、Potential evapotranspiration rate潜在蒸发蒸腾速率Capillary pores 毛细管孔隙Resource depletion zone资源枯竭区Halophytes盐生植物Water balance in fish鱼类的水平衡Amphibians 两栖类Water conservation by terrestrial animals陆生动物的水保持 Mammalian哺乳动物Kidneys 肾脏B
7、ladder 膀胱Beavers 河狸Osmoregulation 渗透调节Countercurrent exchange 逆流调节Hypertonic 高渗的Homeotherms恒温动物Poikilotherms变温动物Ectotherms外温动物Endotherms内温动物Temperature thresholds 温度阀Mechanisms 机理Enzyme 酶The thermoneutral zone 热中性区Dehydration 脱水Rates of development and growth 发育和生长速度Acclimation and acclimatization驯化
8、和气候驯化DevelopmentalthresholdTemperature发育温度阀Physiological time生理时间Vernalization 春化Species distribution物种分布Evolved response进化反响Mean temperature 平均温度Isotherm 等温线Radiant energy 辐身寸能Photosynthesis 光合作用Efficiency of radiant energyconversion 辐射能的转换效率Changes in the intensity of radiation辐射强度的变化Strategic and
9、 tactical response of plants to radiation 植物对辐射的 战略和战术响应Compensation point 补偿点 Photosyntheticallyactiveradiation (PAR光和活性辐射 Efficiency of Photosynthesis 光合 作用效率Photosynthetic capacity光合能力Diurnal and annual rhythms of solar radiation 太阳辐射日节律和年节律Resource depletion zone 资源耗竭 带Strategic difference 战略差异
10、Tactical response 战术响应 Transpiration 蒸腾Net assimilation 净同化量Nutrient sources营养物资源Nutrient budgets营养预算Terrestrial communities陆地群落Aquatic communities水生群落Geochemistry 地球化学Global biogeochemical cycles 全球 生物地球循环Mechanical weathering 机械风化 Chemical weathering化学腐蚀Wetfall 湿降落Dryfall 十降落Rainout component 雨水7中
11、失成分 Washout component 水冲失成分 Streamflow 溪流Denitrification 脱氮Endorheic内陆湖泊Biogeochemistry 生物地球化学 Hydrosphere carbon 水圈的碳 Weathering风化作用Nitrogen cycle 氮循环 Phosphorus 氮 Sediment沉积型 Lithospheric 岩石圈 Sulfur 硫The fate of matter in the community 群落中物质的命运Producers 生产者 Consumers消费者 Decomposers 分解者 Autotrophs
12、自养生物Grazing mammals草食哺乳动物Phytoplankton 浮游植物Zooplankton浮游动物 Bacteria 细菌 Fungi真菌Nonliving 无生命Food chains 食物链Primary and secondary production 初级和次级生产力Net Primary production净初级生产力Aphotic zone 无光区Photic zone 透光区Primary consumers 初级消费者 Secondary consumer 次级消费者 Soil formation 土壤形成The soil profile 土壤剖面 Prim
13、ary classification : the great soil groups 主要分类：大土壤群 Higher vegetation 高等植物 Dynamic mixture 动态混合物 Organic matter 有机质 Cells细胞Pedology 土壤学Subsoil 业土壤Mineral soil 矿物质土壤 Parent material 母质 Soil series 土系Soil surveyor土壤勘测员Succession 演替Ecosystem patterns 生态系统格局 Soil horizons 土层Humic acids 腐植酸Great soil gr
14、oups 土壤群 Population size 种群大小Age and stage structure年龄和时期结构Zygote受精卵Unitary organism单体生物Modular organism 构件生物Ramets无性系分株Clone无性系Genet基株Evolutionary individuals 进化个体 Immediate ecological impact 直接 生态作用Stable age distribution 稳定年龄 分布Age pyramid 年龄金字塔Stationary age distribution 固定 的年龄分布Stage structure
15、时期结构Sizes classes 个体大小群Natality出生率Mortality死亡率Survivorship 存活率Life tables 生命表K-factor analysis k- 因子分析The fecundity schedule生殖力表Population growth 种群增长Density-independent Population growth非密度制约性种群增KDensity-dependent growth-the logistic equation 密度制约性种群 增长：逻辑斯缔方程Life expectancy生命期望Survivorship curve存活曲线Cohort同生群Age-specif
