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1、2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The brunt of the attacks upon this commander was borne by his younger brother. Scarcely had the smoke been cleared from the battlegrounds of Nanking when voices arose maligning the younger governor who had erred in reporting to the throne the death of his s
2、uccessor.问题1选项A.backbitingB.gossiping aboutC.spreading rumorsD.slandering【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项backbiting“诽谤；中伤”；B选项gossiping about“闲聊”；C选项spreading rumors“散布谣言”；D选项slandering“诽谤”；根据题目中的“voices arose”可知这个声音就是指的后面的内容，malign本意指的是“诽谤某人”，而在此处，题中的意思是“所出现的关于州长的谣言”。所以答案为C“传播谣言”。句意：非难指挥官的后果由他的弟弟承担了。诽谤年轻的州长在向
3、君王报告他的继承人的死讯时犯错了的谣言一出现时，南京战场的硝烟便难以消散了。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题An examination of the stages of his rise, the methods he employed to strengthen himself, and the institutional reforms he effected in order to maintain his power helps us（ ）the factors and dynamics of power within a bureaucratically dominated socie
4、ty.问题1选项A.think ofB.account forC.considerD.weigh【答案】B【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项think of“想起”；B选项account for“解释，说明”；C选项consider“考虑”；D选项weigh“权衡”。根据前文通过利用某种方法，以及后文官僚统治的社会中权力的因素和动态，可以推测方法解释了这种因素，B选项正确。句意：通过对他成名阶段的调查，发现他用来加强自身实力的方法和为了维护其权利的体制改革帮助我们了官僚主义占主导的社会中的权利因素和权利力量。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题The fact that they reacted so di
5、fferently was a reflection of their different（ ）.问题1选项A.performancesB.personalitiesC.qualitiesD.debut【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项performance“表现”，B项personality“人格，个性”，C项quality“质量”，D项debut“初次登台，开张”。句意：他们的反应如此不同，反映了他们不同的个性。根据句意，该题选B正确。4. 单选题A stable society is a delicate balance of forces, a（ ）of equilibrium in
6、 which the variables have been brought into temporary balance. To alter one factor is to set in motion a series of changes and readjustments that depend upon alterations all along the line.问题1选项A.saturationB.continuumC.continuationD.melting point【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。A选项saturation“饱和”；B选项continuum“连续体”；
7、C选项continuation“继续”；D选项melting point“熔点”。根据题干内容，a continuum of连续的，为固定搭配，因此B选项正确。句意：社会稳定源于各种力量的微妙平衡。在这种的平衡中，可变因素已经得到了暂时的平衡。改变一个因素便会发生一系列改变和调整。因此B选项正确。5. 翻译题There is nothing wrong, of course, with a countrys questioning its direction and wanting to preserve many of its traditional values. Moreover, Ja
8、pan isnt likely to revert to the collusive(诡秘的) and anticompetitive policies of the past. The reform process has gone too far, and corporate behavior has changed too dramatically. But given the magnitude (巨大) of the fiscal and financial challenges ahead, even a slight slowing of the governments dere
9、gulatory efforts and private-sector restructuring could create an eventual disaster. Nows not the time for Japan to rest on its laurels.【答案】【参考译文】当然，一个国家质疑自己的方向，并希望保留许多传统价值观，这并没有错。此外，日本不太可能恢复到共谋的(诡秘的)和反竞争政策的过去。改革进程走得太远，企业行为发生了太大变化。但是考虑到大小(巨大)的财政和金融挑战，甚至略有放缓政府放松管制的努力和私营部门的重组可以创建最终的灾难。现在不是日本安于现状的时候。6.
10、 单选题This medicine will（ ）the pain in the stomach.问题1选项A.ascertainB.agitateC.alleviateD.allocate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项ascertain“确定，查明”，B项agitate“摇动，骚动”，C项alleviate“减轻，缓和”，D项allocate“分配”。句意：这种药会减轻胃痛。根据句意，该题选C正确。7. 不定项选择题A type of cell that floats freely in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women has been fou
11、nd to have many of the same traits as embryonic stem cells, including an ability to grow into brain, muscle and other tissues that could be used to treat a variety of diseases, scientists reported yesterday.The cells, shed by the developing fetus and easily retrieved during routine prenatal testing,
12、 are easier to maintain in laboratory dishes than embryonic stem cells-the highly versatile cells that come from destroyed human embryos and are at the center of a heated congressional debate that will resume this week.Moreover, because the cells are a genetic match to the developing fetus, tissues
13、grown from them in the laboratory will not be rejected if they are used to treat birth defects in that newborn, researchers said. Alternatively, the cells could be frozen, providing a personalized tissue bank for use later in life.The new cells are adding credence to an emerging consensus among expe
14、rts that the popular distinction between embryonic and “adult” stem cells-those isolated from adult bone marrow and other organs-is artificial.Increasingly, it appears there is a continuum of stem cell types, ranging from the embryonic ones that can morph into virtually any kind of tissue but are di
15、fficult to tame, up to adult ones that can turn into a limited number of tissues but are relatively easy to control.The newly analyzed fetal stem cells, scientists said, have many of the advantages of both.“They grow fast, as fast as embryonic stem cells, and they show great pluripotentiality,” meaning they can become many kinds of tissues, said study leader Anthony Atala, director of the Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Wake Forest University School of Medicine in Winston-Salem, N.C. “But they remain stable for years without forming tumors,
