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1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题You never see him, but theyre with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast youre traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like someth
2、ing out of a comic book. Theyre known as the black box.When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine detected devices homing signal five
3、 days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a blac
4、k box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the box was completely redesigned and moved to the back of the plane - the area least affected by impact-from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱
5、).The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to be discovered more easily.Modem airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fue
6、l levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircrafts final moments. Placed in an insulated case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000F. When submerged, th
7、eyre also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1.2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say theyre still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, o
8、nly one planes black boxes were never recovered.1.What does the author say about the black box?2.What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?3.Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?4.Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or
9、yellow?5.What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?问题1选项A.It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.B.The idea for its design comes from a comic book.C.Its ability to ward off disaster is incredible.D.It is an indispensable device on an airplane.问题2选项A.Data for analyzin
10、g the cause of the crash.B.The total number of passengers on board.C.The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.D.Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.问题3选项A.New materials became available by that time.B.Too much space was needed for its installation.C.The early models often got da
11、maged in the crash.D.The early models didnt provide the needed data.问题4选项A.To distinguish them from the colour of the plane.B.To caution people to handle them with care.C.To make them easily identifiable.D.To conform to international standards.问题5选项A.There is still a good chance of their being recov
12、ered.B.There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructedC.They have stopped sending horning signals.D.They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.根据第一段whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally.确定A选项正确。选项B设计理念来自漫画书。与原文不符。根据第一段Their ability to withs
13、tand almost any disaster.没有提到incredible这个词，确定C选项不正确。D选项在文中未提及。所以A选项符合题意。2.根据第二段：.the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy.:这一发现为查找失事原因迈进了一步。由此推断A选项分析失事原因的数据。B选项机上共有多少名乘客，这一数字是在飞机起飞前就确定的。C选项失事场景以及损毁范围。与原文不符。D选项飞机失事前，飞行员发出的归航信号。这一信号是黑匣子发出来的，与原文不符。所以A选项正确。3.根据第三段：Early
14、 models often failed to withstand crashes.早期的模型没有发挥避险作用。确定C选项早期模型在飞机失事中被损坏正确。A选项在那时找到新的制作材料。原文未提及。B选项需要填充太多的空间。与原文不符。 D选项早期的模型没有提供必要的数据。与原文不符。所以C选项正确。4.根据第三段：.be painted orange or yellow to be discovered more easily：涂上桔色或黄色的漆以便于发现。确定C选项使之更易辨认正确。A:将其与飞机的颜色区分开。B选项警告人们要小心处置。D选项与国际标准一致。原文都未提及。所以C选项正确。5.
15、根据最后一段：When submerged, theyre also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000ft.当黑匣子被潜入到20000ft深水中时也能发射出信号。 Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447 .are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say theyre still likely to turn up.研究者相信法国 447号飞行器潜入到水里大概就是这个深度，根据统计学，他们仍旧可能出现。确定A选项它们被发现的可能性很大正确。B选项急需重新建造它们，与原文不符。C选项他们停止发送归航信号，原文未提及。D选项它们在巴西附近某处被损坏，与原文不符。所以A选项正确。2. 翻译题侵略行为似乎与许多生物结构和化学物质有关，如大脑中的下丘脑(hypothalamus)。 很多动物在受到特定刺激时会表现出本能的侵略反应。下丘脑似乎与动物的这种本能反应有关：对许多动物的下丘脑中部分区域进行电激，会引发这一些它们的常见侵略行为。 然而，人类的大脑要复杂的多，大脑的其他结构似乎可以抑制这种本性。社会生物学是生物学方法的一个分支，该理论认为侵略性对于人类而言是天生并且必要的。社会生物学认为，包括侵略行为在内的许多社会
