《2022年考博英语-西北大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第53期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-西北大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第53期（14页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-西北大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题If people didnt perspire, they would die in five minutes.问题1选项A.breatheB.eatC.sweatD.drink【答案】C【解析】句意：如果人们不流汗，他们将在五分钟内死去。perspire意为使排汗，分泌出。只有选项C与之意思相近。2. 单选题Lets put an end to this unnecessary and （ ）destruction of our environment.问题1选项A.wantonB.illiterateC.decis
2、iveD.competitive【答案】A【解析】wanton荒唐的，无节制的；illiterate文盲的，不识字的；decisive决定性的，果断的；competitive竞争的，比赛的。句意：让我们停止对环境不必要的以及无节制的破坏。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题In describing the grandeur and sublimity of this country, the Haitian (海地人)may well enough to adopt the poetic description of their own proud country.问题1选项A.serenityB.
3、splendorC.elegantD.sight【答案】B【解析】句意：在描述这个国家的伟大和庄严时，海地人很乐意接受对他们引以为豪的祖国这样诗意的描述。sublimity意为“庄严，崇高”。serenity 平静，宁静；splendor 壮丽，显赫 ；elegant优美的，讲究的；sight 视力，见解。选项B与之意思相近。4. 单选题In early 19th century America, care for the mentally ill was almost non-existent: the afflicted were usually relegated to prisons,
4、 almshouses, or inadequate supervision by families. Treatment, if provided, paralleled other medical treatments of the time, including bloodletting and purgatives. However, in a wave of concern for the oppressed, some took action. Among these, Dorothea Dix was the leading crusader for the establishm
5、ent of state-supported mental asylums. Through her efforts, the first state hospitals for the insane were built in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. She and other reformers sought humane, individualized care, with the rich and the poor housed together to insure high standards for all. The movement was ge
6、nerated by social reform, but throughout the century, mental illness was probed and analyzed, and “cures” prescribed by both the scientific and lay communities. “Moral treatment” was the predominating philosophy to cure the insane.This system was developed in late 18th century Europe, and by Benjami
7、n Rush in the United States. It challenged the demonic explanations for insanity and emphasized the role of environment in determining character: improper external conditions could induce derangement. The “moral treatment” system was optimistic that an appropriate environment could facilitate cure,
8、especially for those with acute (not chronic) afflictions. Essential to this theory was a physiological basis/for mental disorder: insanity was caused by brain damage. The brains surface was soft and malleable and physically altered by outward influence. This idea was closely related to phrenology,
9、which assigned specific faculties to sections of the brain.The notion that mental illness resulted from physical impairment was rarely challenged, but the nature and treatment of ailments were continually debated. To find physical evidence for mental deficiencies, autopsies performed on mental patie
10、nts to discover lesions or other abnormalities. Although progress was made in the diagnosis of somatic diseases like tumors syphilitic derangement, these efforts were frustrating and subjective. Also controversial was the fate of the chronically versus acutely ill: the differences between them, whet
11、her they should be housed together, and whether the chronically ill should be treated at all.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.According to paragraph 1, the movement to establish state-supported mental asylums was motivated by concern for （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the methods
12、 used in “moral treatment” were（ ）.4.According to the passage, phrenology was（ ）.5.Autopsies were performed on mental patients（ ）.问题1选项A.Care of the mentally illB.The influence of “moral treatment”C.The influence of Dorothea Dix and Benjamin RushD.Social and medical reform问题2选项A.inadequate care by f
13、amiliesB.social reformC.the effects of medical treatmentD.those who were not mentally ill问题3选项A.controversialB.acceptedC.provenD.dangerous问题4选项A.never very popularB.a theory about determining a persons characterC.a cause of mental illnessD.a theory about a persons brain问题5选项A.to find evidence for mo
14、ral treatment theoryB.for diagnosis of mental illnessC.as part of treatmentD.on acute rather than chronic patients【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第一段首先指出早期的美国对精神病人的照顾是不存在的，接下来的段落则是探讨精神疾病的治疗方法。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是对精神疾病的关注，所以选项A正确。2.细节事实题。根据原文第一段倒数第二句“The movement was generated by social reform.”这
15、场运动是由社会改革引发的所以选项B正确。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“The notion that mental illness resulted from physical impairment was rarely challenged, but the nature and treatment of ailments were continually debated.”精神疾病是由身体损伤引起的这一概念很少受到挑战，但对疾病的性质和治疗一直存在争议。所以选项A正确。4.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“This idea was closely related to phrenology, which assigned specific faculties to sections of the brain.”这一想法与颅相学密切相关，颅相学将大脑分为各个不同的机制。由此可知，颅相学是关于人类大脑的理论。选项D符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“To find physical evidence for mental defi
