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1、人物传记类第一部分 五年高考题荟萃Passage 1(09浙江E篇)Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasnt mucha picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed the shape of DNA The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James
2、Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out. Her name was Rosalind Franklin.”She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden.” If her photos hadnt been there, the others couldnt have come up with the structure.” One reason Fr
3、anklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Click tried to make models by cutting up s
4、hapes of DNAs parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at Kings College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule(分子). The rays produced patterns reflection the shape. But Wilkins and Franklins relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and
5、 Crick, Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant .But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watso
6、n, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to to go or be put in her place.”As Franklins competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962
7、 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklin was only two steps away from the solution.” No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player
8、to solving the structure of DNA . She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.57. What is the text mainly abo
9、ut? A. The disagreements among DNA researchers. B. The unfair treatment of Franklin. C. The process of discovering DNA. D. The race between two teams of scientists.58. Watson was angry with Franklin because she . A. took the lead in the competition B. kept her results from him C. proved some of his
10、findings wrong D. shared her data with other scientists59. Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA”? A. She developed pictures in dark labs. B. She discovered the black X-the shape of DNA. C. Her name was forgotten after her death. D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.60. What is the
11、 writers attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick? A. Disapproving. B. Respectful. C. Admiring. D. Doubtful.答案 57.B 58.C 59.D 60.APassage 2(09重庆B篇)How to Be a WinnerSir Steven RedgraveWinner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病). Believing my career（职业生涯） was
12、over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was to no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it -the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isnt difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself
13、that I wasnt finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”Karen PickeringSwimming World Champion “I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success-you cant follow a career in any field without being well-organized. List
14、what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and youll be a step closer to achieving them.”Kirsten BestPoet & Writer“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I cant achieve something. Then, there are other dist
15、ractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as calm, peace or focus, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological（心理的） tool”60. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?A. Difficulties influenced his career.B. Specialists offered him medical advice.C. Training helped him defeat his disease.D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.61. What does Karen P
