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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally
2、share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transfor
3、mers heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom they serve? Wha
4、t are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?【答案】【参考译文】就像大多数我的同龄人一样，我也有英雄崇拜的弱点。然而，在某些时候，我们都开始质疑
5、我们的英雄，以及我们究竟是否需要他们。这让我们不禁发问：什么是英雄？尽管文化差异巨大，但世界各地的英雄通常都有一些共同的特点，那就是他们可以指导和激励人们。英雄总会做一些值得谈论的事。英雄有要讲出来的冒险故事，有愿意倾听的团体。但英雄不仅仅是一个名号。英雄服务于比自己更强大的力量或原则。就像高压变压器一样，英雄将更高的能量向下拉，于是普通人就可以使用。英雄的生活值得模仿。那些模仿真正英雄的人会以新的深度、热情和意义体验生活。对于想要成为英雄的人，需要问为什么或为谁服务？愿意为什么而生，为什么而死？如果答案或证据表明他们只为自己的名声服务，他们可能是名人，但不是英雄。麦当娜和迈克尔杰克逊都很有名
6、，但谁会说他们的粉丝因此而发现自己的生活更加丰盛呢？2. 单选题A program to deregulate the economy involved the removal of many legal and governmental restrictions that were regarded as hindrances to free competition.问题1选项A.stimuliB.phasesC.parametersD.obstacles【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. stimuli 促进因素，激励因素，刺激物 B. phases 阶段，时期C. parameters
7、决定因素，规范 D. obstacles 阻碍，绊脚石【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】hindrances的意思为“造成妨碍的人（或事物）”，指的是阻碍自由竞争的法律和政策，obstacles与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。【句意】解除经济管制的计划包括取消许多视为阻碍自由竞争的法律和政策限制。3. 填空题Those Asian Americans whose families have been living in the United States for several generations resent to be singled o
8、ut and stereotyped as part of a supermajority. They feel that their achievements are only comparable to what other A B C Dimmigrant groups have done in the past.【答案】B to be singled out改为being singled out【解析】【考查点】动词。【解题思路】根据短语resent doing sth.确定此处应为being singled out。【句意】那些已经在美国生活了好几代的亚裔美国人愤恨被孤立出来，并被定
9、义为绝大多数的一部分。他们觉得自己的成就只能与其他移民群体过去的成就相媲美。4. 单选题According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, todays traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times,
10、the students major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life”. It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic” fields is at
11、a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.Thats no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the jobeven before she completed h
12、er two-year associate degree.While its true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributionsbe they scientific or artistic
13、. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive th
14、eir employer out of business. No company, no job. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as
15、they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom, “Miss Baxter,” he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”From the long-term point of view, thats what education really ought to be about.1. According to the authors observation, college
