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1、2022年考博英语-外交学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The number of 500 is a(n)（ ）number for 498 or 503.问题1选项A.oddB.roundC.longD.even【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项odd number“奇数”；B选项round number“整数”；C选项long number“多位数”；D选项even number“偶数”。题干中需知道数字500与498和503的关系，句意：500是498或503的近似百位整数。因此B选项正确。2. 翻译题中国传统社会具有宗法社会的性质，重视人伦关系成为其文化特色
2、。孟子将“人伦”归结为“父子有亲，君臣有义，夫妇有别，长幼有序，朋友有信”。这五种基本的社会关系有四种关系与血缘和家庭有关，而国家关系正是这种血缘和家庭关系的拟制。人伦文化注重血缘亲情，强调等级名分，强化社会成员的角色，着眼于家庭和社会利益的全局，注重内部的秩序与凝聚力。正是在人伦文化的基础上，形成了大一统的观念和注重整体利益的价值取向。传统社会宗法关系强有力的纽带作用和强调集权统一的观念文化与制度文化，培养出中华民族注重整体利益的价值观念。在这种价值观念中，社会的利益、国家的利益和家庭的利益始终是第一位的，而地方的利益、局部的利益和个人利益往往被忽视。个性被湮灭在共性之中，整齐划一是理想典范
3、，标新立异则是异端另类。【答案】Chinas ancient society was patriarchal in nature, in which human relations were given priority. Mencius summed up human relations as “Between father and son, there should be affection; between sovereign and minister, righteousness; between husband and wife, attention to their separat
4、e functions; between old and young, a proper order; and between friends, fidelity.” Out of these five basic human relations, four were related with blood ties and family. State relationship was a copy of this kind of family blood relationship. The culture based on human relations held as essential t
5、he blood relationships, and highlighted peoples social status. With a view to the overall situation of the family and social interests, it paid special attention to the internal order and cohesiveness. It was on the basis of this culture that the concept of great national unity and collectivism came
6、 into being.The Chinese value of collectivism was cultivated by the forceful tie of the patriarchal relations and the culture of ideology and institution that gave prominence to centralization and unity. The interest of the society, the country and the family was always counted number one while that
7、 of the locality, the part, or the individual sometimes ignored. Individuality gave way to universality. Uniformity was considered apotheosis whereas unconventionality, heterodoxy.3. 单选题You cant help but hear commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertising（ ）.问题
8、1选项A.so on and so forthB.more or lessC.something or otherD.sooner or later【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项so on and so forth“等等”；B选项more or less“或多或少”；C选项something or other“什么的（表示模糊概念），常用于口语”；D选项sooner or later“迟早”。句意：你不由得去听一些广告，因为每隔几分钟节目就会被打断，给你一个广告什么的。C选项符合句意，因此C选项正确。4. 单选题The verdict met with a（ ）of criticism
9、.问题1选项A.hailB.gustC.tuftD.fit【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项a hail of“一阵轰炸/打击/咒骂”；B选项a gust of“一阵（风）”；C选项a tuft of“一丛”；D选项a fit of“突发一阵，阵发”。句意：这一判决遭到了一通批评。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher: the sequoia tree can pump wat
10、er to its very top, more than 100 meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the movement of water in trees and other tall plants was a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many experiments demonstrated that the steins of pla
11、nts in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanations for the movement of water in plants have been based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom of the plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the
12、 tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: How does it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesi
13、on-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from
14、 inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes of very small bore, the forces of cohesio
15、n (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of a column of water compares with the strength of a steel wire of the same diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without being broken.1. How many theories does the author mention?2. The passage answers which of the following questions?3. How botanists know that root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants?4. Which of the following statements does the passage support?5. What causes the tension that draws water up a plant?问题1选项A.OneC. ThreeB.C. ThreeB.C.
