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1、课时 27 短文改错一、短文改错的特点短文改错着重考查学生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力， 它是一种在较高 层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和对语言的综合运用能力的测试题型。这种题型不仅要求考生牢固掌握一定的词汇和语法知识， 还要求考生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。 它 是针对考生平时学习英语过程中， 尤其是写作中常犯的错误而设计的， 所以在考生平时写作 中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。1立意特点。短文改错是全面考查考生对英语基础知识的灵活运用能力的一种题型， 这不仅检测考生的语法知识，也全国考查考生的写作能力。2情景特点。 (1) 短文改错的语言材料通常来自考生的文章或类似于
2、考生习作的文章。所以材料篇幅较短，约 110词左右，1012个句子；难度不大，基本上无生僻的词汇和语 法结构。 短文改错的话题较常见， 通常是叙述一件事情或说明一个事物。 这种试题能反映出 考生准备运用语言的能力。 (2) 从体裁上看，历年高考试题中的短文改错以记叙文和应用文 为主，兼顾说明文和议论文。3设题特点。短文改错常从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题，要求考生识别并纠 正短文中的语言知识错误， 旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力。 短文改错的错误类 型有多词、缺词和错词三种，在文章的10个错误中，其比例一般为 1 ： 1 ： 8,即1个多词、1 个缺词、 8个错词。 错词多为动词、
3、 名词和副词 等方面的错误；多词和缺词则多为冠词和 介词的冗余或缺失等。 短文改错的考查点注意有： 形容词和副词的比较等级、 名词的单复数、 固定短语、人称代词指代的一致性、物主代词、从句的连接词、时态、介词、情态动词以及 非谓语动词等。二、解题技巧第一步： 通读全文找错。 通读全文的目的是理解短文大意, 找出其中逻辑方面的错 误。这一过程中一定要注意检查句与句之间的衔接是否合理,是否出现逻辑方面的错误, 文章总体上使用的是什么时态,代词指代是否明确,上下文是否出现自相矛盾的地方等。第二步：字斟句酌辨析。改错既要防止只见树木不见森林、拘泥细节的做法,又要避免粗枝大叶、 忽略细节的错误。 在近几
4、年的高考短文改错试题中, 细节性错误占百分之七 八十,所以做此类题时一定要仔细研究文章的每一个细节, 不放过任何一处可能存在的问题, 每一个单词都要斟酌一下是否使用正确。第三步：再读全文复查。 这一步主要检查有没有语言不通、 缺词漏词的现象, 因果、 转折或顺承等逻辑有没有问题, 时态语态是否一致合理等。 在这一过程中要将之前改不出来 的部分再看一遍, 检查常考的设错点有没有缺漏等, 例如： 如果没有名词单复数或动词时态 方面的错误，那么就要再通读原文查找是否出现了这方面的错误； 通读时发现有设错点重复 的，也要加以改正。比如出现了两处冠词的错误， 那么就要检查一下是否两个真的都错了还 是哪个
5、在改动上有误。【典题演练】（2017 新课标全国I卷）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。 文中共 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A ），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线 （） 划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10处，多者（从第 11处起）不计分。In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday ，I took driving
6、 lessons.I still remember how hard first day was.Before getting into the car ，I thought I had learned the instructors orders，so once I started the car，my mind goes blank.Iforgot what he had said to me altogether.The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left ！” I was s
7、o much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A few minutes late，the instructor asked meto stop the car.It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.【能力提升演练】AMr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school ，and it takes them ab
8、out a hour and a half to go to work every day.In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden ，that is on the rooftop of their house.They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools.Beside ，they often get some
9、useful informations from the Internet.When summer came， they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!BA womanwas at a cinema and she was enjoying the movie very much. But there was a man sit beside her in the next seat. He was looking for something. The woman was angrily and said to the
10、 man, “What are you doing, sir? What are you looking ? Could you please keep quiet ？” “I was looking for a piece of chocolate. ” the man said,#I dropped them on the floor.The piece of chocolate ？the womansaid angrily.It is dirty now. Taking this and to be quiet.She gave the man a big piece ofchocola
11、te.And，” the man said,my teeth are in the pieces of chocolate on thefloor. ”CWhen I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.I hadgrown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years.About one monthafterthis photo was took ，I enteredmy second year of high school a
12、nd become a newmember of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time ：car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes ， playing pop music ， and collecting thelate music albums.This pictureofte
13、n brings back to me many happy memories of yourhigh school days.DMy parents live in the country.They keep a dog calling Ah Fu. One day my parent went to work in the field take my little sister and Ah Fu along.While they were working ，my little sister walked to the river nearby.Ah Fu followed her to
14、there.She was trying to pick a flower while she fell into the river.Ah Fu barked and jumped the water immediately.When my parents heard Ah Fu barking or ran to the river，we saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister.My parents praised Ah Fu warm.It was our brave Ah Fu who has save
15、d my little sister.EDear Tom，How are you going it? You asked me in your last letter about my plan for the coming summer vacation. I am sorry that I didnt reply with delay.However, I was busy prepared for my final exam at that time, when is vital forme. As a result, I had no choice but to completely
16、focus on my study. I believe that if you are me, you would make a same choice.By the way, I have a busy schedule for my summer vacations. First and foremost, I would do a part-time job so that our interpersonal skills would be improved.Additional, maybe I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant. I am looki
