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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题In some societies, when people exchange gifts, the giver will say his gift is of less value, while the receiver _its value.问题1选项A.magnifiesB.manipulatesC.abandonD.abbreviate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“magnifies”意为“放大；赞美；夸大”；B选项“manipulates”意为“操纵；操作；巧妙地处理；篡改”；C选项“aban
2、don”意为“遗弃；离开；放弃；终止；陷入”；D选项“abbreviate”意为“缩写，使省略；使简短”。句意：在某些社会中，当人们交换礼物时，送礼者会说他的礼物价格低廉，而收礼的人会夸大礼物的价值。由题干可知，while表示前后构成了对比关系，前文说送礼者贬低价格，那么收礼者就是夸大价格。因此A选项符合题意。2. 不定项选择题The first reaction one has to the question of viable approaches to the control of chemical and biological weapons is that there are no
3、such approaches. And it is most difficult to dispense with this first reaction. The reasons are that the nations, including some of the smaller ones, are already downstream too far. The larger stores of weapons for CB warfare may be restricted to the major powers, but there is little doubt that an i
4、ncreasing capability is proliferating to some of the smaller and developing countries. What used to be largely a picture of research has turned to development, and development has turned to manufacturing and stockpiling. The subject is shrouded in secrecy and it is the secrecy which seems to provide
5、 a nonstop momentum to realize the full potential of these types of weapons. No one really knows what someone else may have ready for employment in a military situation. The large and expensive programs in the United States and Russia are attributed to each others “large and expensive programs”. Kno
6、wledge and capability required for detection and defense are tied to knowledge and capability for retaliation. The “no first use” policy of the United States and other major nations implies that this retaliation be in kind, and this requires that weapons of the CB class be available.A philosophy of
7、mutual deterrence (制约) is developing in CB warfare comparable to that in nuclear warfare. In fact, much of the literature on the subject repeats that the stalemate in the latter opens up the need for capability in the former. As an arms race, CBW does not present the spiraling costs of the ICBM-ABM
8、systems, hence a movement to CB weapons (especially chemical) among some smaller nations. So far as the major powers are concerned, the elements in CBW which are in common with the nuclear arms race include the now-accepted approach to that race. Thus in discussing control of CB warfare, an editoria
9、l in the British journal, Nature, concluded: “The balance of terror between the great power blocs may not be to everybodys taste, but it is probably still the best way of avoiding War.”1. It can be inferred that the control of chemical and biological warfare（ ）.2. Which of the following is NOT given
10、 as a cause for the continued development of CB weapons?3. The writer in the British journal might feel that the research and development of CB systems should be（ ）.4. The justification for the United States participation in CB warfare programs is mainly due to the（ ）.5. The main purpose of this art
11、icle is to（ ）.问题1选项A.is less costly than controlling other systems of warfareB.may not be possible or necessarily desirableC.is in the hands of the United States and RussiaD.should become a matter of prime importance问题2选项A.The hostilities between the nations involved.B.The need to be able to detect
12、a CB attack.C.Other weapons programs are more costly than the development of a CB system.D.The countries involved are unaware of what the others are doing.问题3选项A.encouraged and expandedB.conducted only by the major powersC.immediately haltedD.maintained as it is now问题4选项A.need for undetectable weapo
13、nryB.costliness of the nuclear programsC.Russias having such a programD.ability of modern research to develop them问题5选项A.show the indifference in stopping CB warfare programsB.explain the cost of CB warfareC.discuss alternatives to CB warfareD.make the reader aware of the dangers of CB warfare【答案】第1
14、题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由the control of chemical and biological warfare定位到文章第一段“The first reaction one has to the question of viable approaches to the control of chemical and biological weapons is that there are no such approaches”，即人们对控制化学和生物武器的可行办法问题的第一反应是觉得根本没有这种办法，并且研究生化武器的能力正扩散到一些较
15、小和发展中的国家。这说明控制生化武器也许是不可能的，或者说不能令人满意。A选项“is less costly than controlling other systems of warfare”意为“比控制其他战争系统成本更低”，原文虽将生化武器和洲际导弹的成本进行对比，但这不是控制生化武器的原因，反而是一些小国开始使用生化武器的原因；B选项“may not be possible or necessarily desirable”意为“也许不可能或不一定是令人满意的”，与原文相符；C选项“is in the hands of the United States and Russia”意为“都掌握在美国和俄罗斯手中”，与原文不符，研究生化武器的能力也逐渐被一些小国掌握；D选项“should become a matter of prime importance”意为“应该成为头等大事”原文没有相关表达。因此B选项符合题意。第2题:判断推理题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需逐个分析四个选项。A选项“The hostilities between the nations involved”，意为“国家之间的敌对状态”，原文“The large and expensive programs in the United States and Russia are
