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1、2022-2023年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Museum is a slippery word.It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook.Both Platos Academy and Aristotles Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses shrine.Although the Greeks already collected det
2、ached works of art, many temples notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit) had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Romans al
3、so collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition, Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which
4、were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant “Muses shrine”The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejeweled relics of saints and martyrs.Princes, and later merchants, had s
5、imilar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on.They also included coins and gems often antique engraved ones as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures.As they multipli
6、ed and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not collected either, but site-specific, and were considered an integral part both
7、 of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them and most of the buildings were public ones.However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays o
8、f antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation, and so could be considered Muses shrines in the former sense.The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early inspirational collections.Soon they mult
9、iplied, and gradually, exemplary modem works were also added to such galleries.In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world.But it was the age of revolutions a
10、nd industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous.Then, in the first half of the nineteenth cen
11、tury, museum funding took off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built.In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Nalurhistorisches Museums took o
12、ver much of the imperial treasure.Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of improving collections.The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.1.The sentence Museum is a slippery word in the
13、first paragraph means that（ ）.2.The idea that Museum could mean a mountain or all objects originates from（ ）.3.the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined in the third paragraph means that（ ）.4.Painting and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were（ ）.5.Which is the main idea
14、of the passage?问题1选项A.the meaning of the word didnt change until after the 15th centuryB.the meaning of the word had changed over the yearsC.the Greeks held different concepts from the RomansD.princes and merchants added paintings to their collections问题2选项A.the RomansB.FlorenceC.OlympiaD.Greek问题3选项A
15、.there was a great demand for fakersB.fakers grew rapidly in numberC.fakers became more skillfulD.fakers became more polite问题4选项A.collected from elsewhereB.made part of the buildingsC.donated by peopleD.bought by churches问题5选项A.The evolution of museumsB.Collection and collectorsC.Modem museums and t
16、heir functionsD.The birth of museums【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。slippery意为狡猾的，不稳定的。再根据下一段的内容可以推测，这里是指它的意思多年来已经改变了。所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. 它最初的意思是(在希腊语中)是献给缪斯的任何东西:一座小山
