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1、2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the internationalmarketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of themembers of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variablelanguage, religion, values and attitudes,
2、manners and customs, aesthetics,technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, aninternational manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture.To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned and its interpretationcomes only through experience.one has
3、tolive it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal withcultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around,following the model of Pepsi and McDonalds. In some cases, globalization is afact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from convergin
4、g.The other school proposes that companies must tailor businessapproaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in eachcountry has been compared to an organ transplant, the critical question centersaround acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the internationalmanager i
5、s to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or evenblindness.【答案】文化是国际市场中最具挑战性的因素之一。特定社会成员的这种习得行为模式系统是由一系列动态变化的语言、宗教、价值观和习俗、美学、技术、教育和社会制度不断塑造而成的。为了应对这个系统，国际经理需要真实的文化和用于解释文化的知识。在某种程度上，事实知识可以习得，而文化的解释只能来源于经验。在处理文化环境的问题时，最复杂的问题是来自于一个人无法学到文化他必须置身其中。商业世界中存在着两种关于如何处理文化多样性的思想流派。一种是认为全世
6、界的商业都是公事公办，像百事和麦当劳一样。在某些情况下，全球化是无法改变的事实，然而，文化差异还远没有融合。另一种观点认为，企业必须根据不同的文化来调整经营模式。在每个国家制定政策和程序被比作器官移植，关键问题在于接受与否。国际经理面临的主要挑战是确保拒绝接受不是文化近视甚至眼盲的结果。2. 单选题The British Library （ ）the right to a free copy of every new book published in the United Kingdom.问题1选项A.containsB.retiresC.retainsD.conveys【答案】C【解析】考
7、查动词辨析。contain意为“包含，容纳”；retire意为“退休”；retain意为“保持，保留”；convey意为“传达，传递”。句意：在英国出版的每一版新书，大英博物馆都拥有免费获得一册的权利。3. 单选题At night, cars often （ ）small animals that are blinded by the headlights.问题1选项A.run overB.held upC.took apartD.drove at【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。run over碾过；hold up举起；take apart拆开；drive at用意所在。句意：晚上，汽车经常碾过
8、被车头灯照懵了的小动物。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题For most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the high street or loading a cart in a shopping mall. Soon, that will change. Electronic commerce is growing fast and will soon bring people more choice. There will, however, be a cost; protecting the consumer fr
9、om fraud will be harder. Many governments therefore want to extend high-street regulations to the electronic world. But politicians would be wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulation.Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes
10、 responsibility for everything from the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs, or their rights to refund when goods are faulty. But governments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence in their country is on a screen. Other countries have regulators, but the rules o
11、f consumer protection differ, as does enforcement. Even where a clear right to compensation exists, the on-line catalogue customer in Tokyo, say, can hardly go to New York to extract a refund for a dud purchase.One answer is for governments to cooperate more: to recognize each others rules. But that
12、 requires years of work and volumes of detailed rules. And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober states to accept. There is, however, an alternative. Let the electronic businesses do the “regulation” themselves. They do, after all, have a self-interest in doing so.In electronic comme
13、rce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset. Governments, too, may compete to be trusted. For instance, customers ordering medicines on-line may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they m
14、ay decide that the FDAs rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland instead.Consumers will still need to use their judgment. But precisely because the technology is new, electronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than consumers of the normal sortand the new technology wi
15、ll also make it easier for them to complain noisily when a company lets them down. In this way, at least, the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer consumer protection laws, not more.1.According to the author, what will be the best policy for electronic commerce?2.In case an electronic shopper bought faulty goods from a foreign country, what could he do in the present circumstances?3.In the authors view, businesses would place a high premium on honest dealing because in the electronic world（ ）.4.We can infer from the passage that in licensing new drugs the FDA in the United States is（ ）.5.
