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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题According to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to remove the danger by attack
2、ing it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world; it can be created by a persons thoughts.Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born w
3、ithout emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only leams his emotions, but also learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: positive and negative. Positive emo
4、tions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. In growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to
5、be happy.Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a pe
6、rson from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.1.We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by somet
7、hing that（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ ）3.The authors purpose of writing this passage is to（ ）.4.We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if（ ）.5.As used in the last sentence, the word“drains”means（ ）.问题1选项A.one thinks bad or goodB.one feels in
8、 dangerC.one faces in the outside worldD.one tries to escape from in real life问题2选项A.Children learn emotions as they grow up.B.Babies are born with emotions.C.Emotions fall into two types in general.D.People can cope with the negative emotions in life.问题3选项A.explain why people have emotionsB.show ho
9、w people avoid the negative emotionsC.explain what people should do before emotionsD.define and classify peoples emotions问题4选项A.he cannot think properlyB.he cannot pay attention to itC.he cannot adjust himself to itD.he is not full of energy问题5选项A.stopsB.tiesC.weakensD.flows gradually【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第
10、3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一句according to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good提到人的情感是由于人或者动物将某物视作好或坏的时候。选项A符合题意。2.文章第二段第二句many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions提到婴儿被认为生下来没有情感。所以选项B符合题意。3.文章主要介绍了什么是人类的情感，有哪些种类，所以选项D符合题意
11、。4.文章最后一段倒数第二句for example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly提到参加考试的学生害怕考试失败而难以正常思考。如果不能正常思考，考试就可能失败。所以选项A符合题意。5.题干中的 drain的意思是“流干”。在文中指的是担忧将人们所需的经历削弱，选项C符合题意。2. 单选题The phrase “progressive education” is one, if not protest, at least of contr
12、ast, of contrast with an education which was predominantly static in subject-matter, authoritarian in methods, and mainly passive and receptive from the side of the young. But the philosophy of education must go beyond any idea of education that is formed by way of contrast, reaction and protest, fo
13、r it is an attempt to discover what education is and how it takes place. Only when we identify education with schooling does it seem to be a simple thing to tell what education actually is, and yet a clear idea of what it is gives us our only criterion for judging and directing what goes on in schoo
14、ls.It is sometimes supposed that it is the business of the philosophy of education to tell what education should be. But the only way of deciding what education should be, at least, the only way which does not lead us into the clouds, is discovery of what education takes place when education really
15、occurs. And before we can formulate a philosophy of education we must know human nature is constituted in the concrete;we must know about the working of actual social forces;we must know about the operations through which basic raw materials are modified into something of greater value. The need for
16、 a philosophy of education is thus fundamentally the need for finding out what education really is. We have to take those cases in which we find there is a real development of desirable powers, and then find out how this development took place. Then we can project what has taken place in these instances as a guide f
