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1、2022年考博英语-中央民族大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 不定项选择题To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out thei
2、r use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few
3、people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochu
4、re that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will
5、happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just dont understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way in human terms, not in the language of molecular biolog
6、y. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation, a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, a
7、nimal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of
8、truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has ma
9、de courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.1. The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to
10、（ ）.2. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is （ ）.3. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics （ ）.4. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should （ ）.5. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper
11、 is（ ）.问题1选项A.call on scientists to take some actionsB.criticize the misguided cause of animal rightsC.warn of the doom of biomedical researchD.show the triumph of the animal rights movement问题2选项A.cruel but naturalB.inhuman and unacceptableC.inevitable but viciousD.pointless and wasteful问题3选项A.disco
12、ntent with animal researchB.ignorance about medical scienceC.indifference to epidemicsD.anxiety about animal rights问题4选项A.communicate more with the publicB.employ hi-tech means in researchC.feel no shame for their causeD.strive to develop new cures问题5选项A.a well-known humanistB.a medical practitioner
13、C.an enthusiast in animal rightsD.a supporter of animal research【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:本题考查了考生对作者意图的把握。定位到第一段，Edmund Burke这句话的意思是“好人的不作为就是一个错误的观点想要盛行所需要的所有条件”，可以看出这是在讽刺好人不去做出应有的行为，再紧接着后文也提到“现在有一个组织他们呼吁不要用动物来做实验，动物也有自己的权利，而科学家必须采取行动来回复这些人”，可以得出，作者的目的是呼吁科学家们行动起来，因此答案为A。第2题:本题是细节推断题。题干中说“
14、tend to think”提示我们答案可能在文中没有直接体现，需要我们结合原文进行推理，推理出这些被误导的人们对于动物实验是何种态度，题干关键词就是“misled people”，可以帮我们定位到第一段，最后一句说“当人们听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段是一个具体的被误导的祖母般的女士的例子，但是文中只是说她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句非常关键：“对于他们来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍”。从以上的分析可以看出，受到误导的人们认为用动物做研究是残酷的、不可思议的。四个选项中，B最符合原文。 A中虽然提到了“cruel”，但是“
15、natural”不对，因为被误导的人们不可能认为那是普通的事情。C说的是“不可避免的，但是邪恶的”，也不正确，因为文章中没有提到不可避免这个说法。D项说的是“毫无意义，浪费的”，文中没有提到毫无意义这个意思。第3题:这也是一道作者意图题，例子说的是一位老太太向大家发传单，呼吁大家不要用任何来自于动物或在动物身上试验过的东西。当她被问及是否反对使用疫苗时，老太太说，若疫苗也来源于动物，那么就不应使用疫苗，流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。可见老太太对科学的无知。而她的这种无知是很普遍的。作者在第二段最后一句话感叹“这些好心人压根儿就不明白”，所以答案为B。A说的是公众对动物试验的不满。但是，老太
16、太的例子不仅是为了说明这一点，这个例子反映的不仅是他们的不满，更多的要透过现象看本质，全文来看，作者的目的是为了指出公众不满的根源对医学研究不了解，然后号召科学家们针对这个根源采取行动。因此老太太的例子是为了反映公众的无知。第4题:这里考查的是作者的态度题，解答这类问题时，考生需要代入作者的思维，从全文把握作者的感情色彩，作者对这个事件的看法，然后根据题干关键词去定位具体细节处。本题关键词“challenge from animal rights advocates”以及“sientits should”，解题线索可在最后两段中找出。作者向科学家们提出的建议都是有助于他们与公众更好的交流。答案很明显是A。选项B、
