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1、定语从句（教师版）关系副词when,where,why介词+whom/which引导的定语从句一、基本概念1. 定语从句除可用关系代词引导外，还可用关系副词when,where与why来引导。2. 它们的区别是：when用于指时间，相当于in/at/on/duringwhich,where用于指地点，相当于in/at/fromwhich,why用于指原因,相当于forwhicho3. 关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词作状语，不可省略，有时可以用介词+which代替。二、基本用法1. 关系副词when关系副词和where的先行词是表示时间（如theday（s）,thetime,theyear等）和
2、地点（如theplace,thehouse,thefactory,thestation等）的一类词，而关系副词why的先行词通常只是forthereason（s）。另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。用适当的关系副词填空 IwillrememberthedaywhenIleftmyhometownforever.（作时间状语=onwhich） Thisistheplacewhereheworks.（作地点状语=inwhich） Hetoldmethereasonwhyhewaslateagain.（作原因状语
3、=forwhich）2. 注意不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系副词where,在表示原因的thereason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代词，关键是看它们在定语从句中是用作状语（用关系副词）还是用作主语或宾语（用关系代词）。英语中的关系副词主要是when,where,why三个。不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰theway。如不说Thisisthewayhowhespoke，可改为Thisishowhespoke（how引导的是表语从句），当然也可说成Thisisthewayinwhichhespoke.用适当的关系副词或关系代词
4、填空 Dontforgetthetimethat/whichIvetoldyou.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。 Illneverforgetthedayswhen/inwhichIworkedwithyou.我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。 Heworksinafactorythat/whichmakesradioparts.他在一家造无线电零件的工厂工作。 Heworksinthefactorywherehisfatherworked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。 Thatsthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtous.那就是他向我们解释的理由。 Thatsthere
5、asonwhyshelefthome.那就是她离家出走的原因。3. 介词+关系代词的用法在定语从句中，当关系代词作动词短语或介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将定语从句中的介词或动词短语中的介词提前放在关系代词前面。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词只能用which和whom,且不省略。介词主要根据三个方面来选择:一是先行词与介词的搭配;二是定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配;三是根据“介词+关系代词”在从句中的作用及意义。试一试 Doyouknowtheman(who/whom/that)Mr.Blacktalkedwithjustnow?=Doyoukno
6、wthemanwithwhomMr.Blacktalkedjustnow? Heistheman(who/whom/that)weareproudof.=Heisthemanofwhomweareproud.三、在使用“介词+关系代词”结构时要注意以下几个问题：1. 介词的确定应依据定语从句中动词短语的习惯性搭配或介词与先行词的搭配，如：Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?(shakehandswith)Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.(throughthetelescope)2. 有些
7、固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。如：listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto，takecareof，lookforThisisthewatchwhichyourelookingfor。Heisakindofmanwhomyoucansafelydependon.3. 介词放在关系代词之前时，只用which,whom不用that,who。当关系代词指代人时，用whom,关系代词指代物时，用which，如：Isthisthepenwithwhichyouwrotetheletter?Hewroteabout20novels,ofwhichthisist
8、hemostsuccessful.ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearntthenews.4. 当先行词是物时，作定语的引导词whose+n=the+n+ofwhich或ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.=Helivesintheroomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.四、解题基本思路1. 首先判断先行词的性质,是表示时间还是表示地点等等;2. 查看先行词在定语从句中充当何成分；3. 依据充当主语或者宾
9、语，选择合适的关系词。巩固练习I. 把含有介词+which/whom的定语从句下划线并翻译1. IneedapieceofpaperonwhichIcanwritealetter.我要一张可写信的纸。2. Latertheymaygiveperformancesinpubsorclubs,forwhichtheyarepaidincash.将以现金支付他们。3. Thehouseinfrontofwhichthereisabigtreewasbuiltmorethan1000yearsago.门前有一棵大树的房子。4. Air,withoutwhichmancantlive,isreallyi
10、mportant.5. RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.II. 用定语从句合并下列句子1. Themanisateacher.Ioncelivedwithhim.ThemanwithwhomIoncelivedisateacher.2. Thefactorywasclosed.Myfatherhadworkedinthefactoryfor20years.Thefactoryinwhichmyfatherhadworkedfor20yearswasclosed.3. Imlookingfo
11、rwardtothedays.Duringthedayswewillhaveagoodtime.Imlookingforwardtothedaysduringwhichwewillhaveagoodtime.4. Thevillagehasabigtree.Thevillagersoftenhavemeetingsunderthetree.Thevillagehasabigtreeunderwhichthevillagersoftenhavemeetings.5. Ateachingbuildingwillbebuiltneartheplayground.Weplaybasketballont
12、heplayground.Ateachingbuildingwillbebuiltneartheplaygroundonwhichweplaybasketball.III. 用适当的介词+which/whom填空1. AlbertEinstein,forwhomlifewasoncehard,didntcareaboutmoney.2. TheteacherfromwhomIlearntmostwasMrs.Zhu.3. Isthatthefishforwhichyouaskedthewaiter?4. LastnightIhadadreaminwhichIbecameaNobelPrizew
13、inner.5. HellneverforgetthedayonwhichhewasadmittedtotheOlympicGames.6. Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirstofwhichIreallyenjoyed.7. Isthatthegirltowhomyoulentyourbike?.8. Thesungivesusheatandlight,withoutwhichwecantlive.9. Thestudentwithwhomweweretalkingisthebestoneinourclass.10. Themanwithwhomyous
14、hookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.IV. 句型转换1. Theyliveinahouse,whosewindowsaremadeofglass.Theyliveinahouse,thewindowofwhicharemadeofglass.2. Hehastwodaughters,andbothofthemarecollegestudents.Hehastwodaughters,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.3. Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiWan.Chinahashu
15、ndredsofislands,ofwhichthelargestisTaiWan.4. Canyouthinkofasituationwherethiswordisused?Canyouthinkofasituationinwhichthiswordisused?5. ChinahasalotoffamouswritersandLuXunisoneofthem.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuXun.V. 改错1. ThewayinthathelearnsEnglishisinteresting.(inwhich)2. Theshopthatheboughtthedictionaryisnotfarawayfromhisschool.(inwhich)3. HealwaysspendsthewholedayintheshopthathereadsEnglishnovels.(where)4. IlikethewaywhichhespeaksEnglish.(inwhich/that/)5. Thebookofwhichcoverisredisaphotoalbum.(ofwhichthecover)6. IthankedthemanwithwhomhelpIfoundthehospital.(withwh
