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1、Was Einstein a Space Alien?1 Albert Einstein was exhausted. For the third night in a row, his baby son Hans, crying, kept the household awake until dawn. When Albert finally dozed off . it was time to get up and go to work. He couldnt skip a day. He needed the job to support his young family.1. 阿尔伯特
2、.爱因斯坦精疲力竭。他幼小的儿子汉斯连续三个晚上哭闹不停，弄 得全家人直到天亮都无法入睡。阿尔伯特总算可以打个瞌睡时，已是他起床上班 的时候了。他不能一天不上班，他需要这份工作来养活组建不久的家庭。2 Walking briskly to the Patent Office, where he was a Technical Expert, Third Class, Albert worried about his mother. She was getting older and frail, and she didnt approve of his marriage to Mileva.
3、Relations were strained. Albert glanced at a passing shop window. His hair was a mess; he had forgotten to comb it again.2. 阿尔伯特是专利局三等技术专家。在快步去专利局上班的路上，他为母亲忧 心忡忡。母亲年纪越来越大，身体虚弱。她不同意儿子与迈尔娃的婚事，婆媳关 系紧张。阿尔伯特瞥了一下路过的商店的橱窗，看见自己头发凌乱，他又忘了梳 头了。3 Work. Family. Making ends meet. Albert felt all the pressure and
4、responsibility of any young husband and father.3. 工作，家庭，维持生计阿尔伯特感受到了一位年轻丈夫和年轻父亲所要 承担的全部压力和责任。To relax, he revolutionized physics.他想放松下，却使物理学发生了突破性进展4 In 1905, at the age of 26 and four years before he was able to get a job as a professor of physics, Einstein published five of the most important pape
5、rs in the history of science-all written in his spare time. He proved that atoms and molecules existed. Before 1905, scientists werent sure about that. He argued that light came in little bits (later called photons) and thus laid the foundation for quantum mechanics. He described his theory of speci
6、al relativity: space and time were threads in a common fabric, he proposed, which could be bent, stretched and twisted.4. 1905 年，在他被聘为物理学教授的前四年， 26岁的爱因斯坦发表了科学史上 最重要论文中的五篇这些论文都是他在“业余时间”完成的。他证明了原子 和分子的存在。1905 年之前，科学家们对此没有把握。爱因斯坦论证说光以微 粒形态出现(后来被称为“光子”)，这为量子力学奠定了基础。他把狭义相对 论描写为：时空如同普通织物中的线，他提出，这些线可以弯曲、拉长
7、和交织在 一起。5 Oh, and by the way, E=mc2.5. 对了，顺便提一下， E = mc2。6 Before Einstein, the last scientist who had such a creative outburst was Sir Isaac Newton. It happened in 1666 when Newton secluded himself at his mothers farm to avoid an outbreak of plague at Cambridge. With nothing better to do, he develo
8、ped his Theory of Universal Gravitation.6. 在爱因斯坦之前，最近一位迸发出如此创造性思想的科学家当数艾萨克牛顿 爵士。事情发生在1666，为了躲避在剑桥爆发的瘟疫，牛顿去母亲的农场隐居。由于没有什么更好的事可做，他便建立万有引力理论。7 For centuries historians called 1666 Newtons “miracle year ”. Now those wordshave a different meaning: Einstein and 1905. The United Nations has declared 2005 T
9、he World Year of Physics to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Einsteins “miracle year.”7. 几个世纪以来,历史学家称为 1666 牛顿的“奇迹年”。现在这些话有不同的意 义：爱因斯坦和 1905。联合国已经宣布 2005 年“世界物理年“庆祝爱因斯坦“奇 迹年”的 100 周年。8 Modern pop culture paints Einstein as a bushy-haired superthinker. His ideas,were told, were improbably far ahead
10、 of other scientists. He must have come from some other planet-maybe the same one Newton grew up on.8. 现代流行文化把爱因斯坦绘画成一位长着蓬乱头发的超级思想家。据说他的 思想不可思议地远远超过其他科学家。他一定是从其他星球来的也许是牛顿 长大的同一个星球。9 Einstein was no space alien, laughs Harvard University physicist and sciencehistorian Peter Galison. He was a man of h
11、is time. All of his 1905 papers unraveled problems being worked on, with mixed success, by other scientists. If Einstein hadnt been born, those papers would have been written in some form, eventually, by others, Galison believes.9. “爱因斯坦决不是外星人，”哈佛大学物理学家、科学史家彼得加里森笑着 说。“他是他那个时代的人。”他所有发表于 1905 年的论文解决了当
12、时其他科 学家正多多少少在解决的问题，“如果没有爱因斯坦，其他科学家最终也会以某 种形式撰写出这些论文来的”加里森相信。10 Whats remarkable about 1905 is that a single person authored all five papers,plus the original, irreverent way Einstein came to his conclusions.10. 1905 年不同寻常的是，爱因斯坦一个人撰写的五篇论文，而且他得出结论的 方法既富原创性又显得不合常规。11 For example: the photoelectric eff
13、ect. This was a puzzle in the early 1900s. When light hits a metal, like zinc, electrons fly off. This can happen only if light comes in little packets concentrated enough to knock an electron loose. A spread-out wave wouldnt do the photoelectric trick.11. 例如：光电效应。这在 20 世纪初期的一道难题。当光照射到金属（如锌） 上时，电子飞速
14、飞离电子表面，这种现象只有当光的粒子集聚的程度足以把电子 击撞松动的时候才会发生。漫延波不会产生光电效应。12 The solution seems simple-light is particulate. Indeed, this is the solution Einstein proposed in 1905 and won the Nobel Prize for in 1921. Other physicists like Max Planck （working on a related problem: blackbody radiation）, more senior and ex
15、perienced than Einstein, were closing in on the answer, but Einstein got there first. Why?12. 答案似乎很简单光是粒子。事实上，这是爱因斯坦1905 年提出的解答， 并因此于1921 年获得诺贝尔奖。其他物理学家们，比如比爱因斯坦资历更深、 经验更丰富的麦克斯普兰克（从事研究相关的问题：黑体辐射），其研究正接近该问题的答案，但爱因斯坦捷足先登。为什么？Its a question of authority. 这是对权威的看法问题13 In Einsteins day, if you tried to s
16、ay that light was made of particles, you found yourself disagreeing with physicist James Clerk Maxwell. Nobody wanted to do that, says Galison. Maxwells equations were enormously successful, unifying the physics of electricity, magnetism and optics. Maxwell had proved beyond any doubt that light was an electromagnetic wave. Maxwell was an Authority Figure.13. “在爱因斯坦的时代，如果你试图说光由粒子组成，你
