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1、2022年考博英语-北京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The geology of the Earths surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly
2、 modifying the face of the Earth.Evaporated from the oceans,water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brook
3、s, streams, and rivers, constituting what is called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by running from high altitudes to
4、ward the reference point that is sea level.The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for a water molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirsatm
5、osphere, continent, and oceanwe see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on an average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hy
6、drosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents.A vast chemical separation process takes place during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron,
7、and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mech
8、anical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.1.According to the passage, clouds are primarily formed by water（）?2.The passage suggests that the purpose of the hydrographic network is to （）.3.What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves throu
9、gh the cycle, as discussed in the third paragraph?4.All of the following are examples of soluble ions EXCEPT （）.5.The word efficiency in last sentences is closest in meaning to（）.问题1选项A.precipitating onto the groundB.changing from a solid to a liquid stateC.evaporating from the oceansD.being carried
10、 by wind问题2选项A.determine the size of molecules of waterB.prevent soil erosion caused by floodingC.move water from the Earths surface to the oceansD.regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers问题3选项A.The potential energy contained in water.B.The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical
11、compounds.C.The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents.D.The relative size of the water storage areas.问题4选项A.magnesiumB.ironC.potassiumD.calcium问题5选项A.relationshipB.growthC.influenceD.effectiveness【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第二段的第一句 Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor f
12、orms clouds从海洋蒸发出的水蒸气形成了云。选项C正确。第2题:事实细节题。根据关键词“hydrographic network”定位到第二段 This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. 其中channel 在这里做动词，是传输的意思。所以选项C与原文表述一致。第3题:事实细节题。根据第三段的第一句The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random but
13、 is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs.水分子的循环率不是随机的，而是对各种储层相对大小的一种度量。选项D符合原文。第4题:事实细节题。根据关键词“soluble ions”定位到最后一段的第二句 Soluble ions such as calcium,sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. 选项中只有选项B未提及。第5题:词义推断题。根据最后一句可知，efficiency应该和前面的interactions（相互
14、作用）意思相近。首先排除选项A和B，选项D与efficiency词根相同，意思更相近。2. 案例题This week some top scientists, including Nobel Prize winners, gave their vision of how the world will look in 2056, from gas-powered cars to extraordinary health advances, John Ingham reports on what the worlds finest minds believe our futures will be
15、.For those of us lucky enough to live that long, 2056 will be a world of almost perpetual youth, where obesity is a remote memory and robots become our companions.We will be rubbing shoulders with aliens and colonizing outer space. Better still, our descendants might at last live in a world at peace with itself. The prediction is that we will have found a source of inexhaustible, safe, green energy, and that science will have killed off religion. If they are right we will have removed two of the main causes of war-our dependence on oil and religious prejudice. Will we
