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1、动词的时态（上）A:一般现在时棗通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 结构 ：1）be动词的第一人称单数为，第三人称单数为，其他人称为。 有一顺口溜体现了它的用法： 我是am你是are ，is跟着他她它, 复数都用are 肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他 否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他疑问式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他?简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + am/ is /are(否) No,主语 + am /is/are not缩写形式: Im = I am Thats =That isWere =We are Whats= What
2、 is Youre = You are Whos = Who isTheyre =They are Wheres =Where is Hes =He is isnt=is notShes =She is arent=are not Its = It is 2）行为动词除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词 词尾加-s或-es 肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数 ， 否定式:主语+助动词 dont/doesnt +动词原形+其他 疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not
3、 缩写形式: dont = do not doesnt =does not注意：have的第三人称单数为has 用法： 1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用, eg. He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作 . eg. Here comes the train.
4、 4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时 . eg.Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow. B:一般过去时棗表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过去式表示。 结构： 1.动词的第一、三有称单数用,其他人称用,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。 2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种, 规则动词的过去式是在动词后加或,不规则动词参照不规则动词表,需要专门记忆。 肯定式:主语+动词的过去式 + 其他 eg. I got up at six this morning. 否定式:主语 + did not + 动词原
5、形 + 其他 eg.John didnt live here last year. 疑问式:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 eg.Did you see him a moment ago? 简略回答.(肯)Yes, 主语 +did (否)No , 主语 + didnt. 用法 ：1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态. eg.My father was at work yesterday. 2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always 等表示频度的时间状语连用. eg.He always went to work by bus last summer. 3.和wh
6、en等连词引导的状语从句连用. eg.When she reached home, she had a short rest. 4.常与表示过去的时间状语, 如 ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用. eg.They began the work two months ago. Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was. C:一般将来时棗表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 结构： 助动词shall/will + 动词原形（当主语第一人称时，一般用
7、shall，当主语为第三人称时，用will，但主语为第一人称时，也用will 肯定式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他否定式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+shall/will .(否)No,主语+shall/will+not 缩写形式: ll =shall/willshant= shall not wont = will not 用法: 1.表示将要发生的动 作或情况,常用时间状语有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from n
8、ow on, tomorrow等. eg. I shall be eighteen years old next year. Maybe Chinas population _ (pass) 1,300,000,000 by the year 2005. 2.表示某种必然的趋势 eg. Fish will die without water. 解析： 1.在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用 shall 表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的问句中,用will 表示请求. eg. Where shall we have the meeting? Will you please lend me y
9、our pen? 2.当主语是第一人称时,用will 表示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等. eg. I will give you an English-Chinese dictionary for your birthday. 3.在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时. eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4.be going to +动词原形也可表示将来时. (1).表示主观意愿.打算等. eg. Hes going to learn English next term. (2).根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况 eg. Lo
10、ok at the black clouds! -It is going to rain. D:现在进行时棗表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作。 结构： am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式 用法： 1.表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now,at the moment 等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与 look, listen连用. eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room. 2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不
11、一定在进行的动作. eg. They are planting trees these days. 3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用. eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon. 注意: 某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用现在进行时. eg. Lucy prefers art to science. 练习题： 1.Mary an
12、d Joe go to the Shopping Center _ . a.once a week b. in a week c. next week d. for a week 2.Be quiet! The baby _ (sleep) in the next room. 3.Dick will pass the message on to your sister as soon as he _ (meet) her in her office tomorrow. 4.The bell for the class rang while they _ (play) on the playgr
13、ound. 5.Lucy said it _ (rain) later on. 思考题: 1.The Chinese people _(work) hard to make their country stronger and more beautiful. 2.Hell write to you as soon as he _ (arrive ) in Hainan. 3.The students of Class One _(have)a meeting from three to five yesterday afternnon. 4.The sky is black. It _ (rain), Im afraid. 5.If it _(not snow)tomorrow,well go skating 6.Mr and Mrs Green_(travel)to the south of China next week,arent they? 7.I_(not see)the film with you because Ive seen it already. 8.He told us that he_(stay)here till the next week. 9.I_(lose)my pen this morning. I havent found it yet.
