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1、第一讲虚拟语气第一部分课堂笔记虚拟语气存在于if条件从句中和一些固定结构中虚拟语气与动词的过去的某种时态 形影不离虚拟语气是通过谓语动词的变化来实现的注：以下打两个的为已经考试过的考 点。第一节 if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if条件状语从句中表示对将来、过去、现在的虚拟If she invites me tomorrow, I shall go to the party.（真实条件句）如果她明天邀请我参 加聚会，我就去.If she invited me, I should go to the party.虚拟条件句）（说话人认为邀请的可能性较小 或不可能）1.对现在的虚拟条件状语从句的动
2、词形式主句的动词形式If+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）I (we) should+动词原形 主语 +would(might, could)+ 动词原形If I were you, I should study En glish. (I am not you , so I shall not study En glish.)If I had time, I would atte nd the wedd ing. (I does not have time, so I will not atte nd the weddi ng.） 2.对过去的虚拟条件状语从句的动词形式主句的动词形式
3、If+主语+had+过去分词I(we) should+ have+过去分词主语 +would(might, could)+have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you wouldn t have failed inatierexamin(You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the exam in ati on.)3.对将来的虚拟条件状语从句的动词形式（三种）主句的动词形式lf+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）,通常要与 一个表示将来的时间状语连用（tomorrow）lf+主语（任何人称
4、和数）+should+动词原形lf+主语（任何人称和数）+were +to动词原形I （we） should+动词原形或主 语（任何人称）+would（might, could）+动词原形If it rained tomorrow, our pic nic would be put off.If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.二、混合虚拟语气（条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词
5、的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整.）If you had worked hard, you would be very tired.从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在）If he had followed the doctor s advice, he would be quite all right now三.用介词短语代替条件状语从句（可以改为条件状语从句）Without air, there would be no living things. 相当于:If there were no air, there would be no liv ing thi ngs.But for your h
6、elp, I couldn t have d6n当于:If you had not helped me, I couldn thave done it.四、虚拟语气的倒装：如果条件状语从句的谓语中有 were, had或 should就可以倒装。将 were, had或should放到句首，谓语主语之前，if去掉。变为” were/had/should+主语”的形式。如果从句没有 were, had或should就不能倒装。If I were to do it, I d do it some other way. Were I to do it, Id do it some other way
7、.If you should fail, try aga in.Should-you fail, try aga in.而且,在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略了 if的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式.如：Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy.但不能说: Weren t it for the expense,I would go to Italy.第二节固定结构中的虚拟语气一、.It is（high） time（that） 句型中的虚拟语气在此句型中,后面的从句的谓语动词常用过去式，.意思为“（现在）该的时候了 ”It is high t
8、ime that you got married.It is high time that I lost some weight.二、 .wish+ 宾语从句结构I wish you could go with us. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.三.If only句中的虚拟语气If only he were here! If only I knew more! If only he had stayed with us! If only I had taken his advice!注： if only 也可以用于虚拟条件句中
9、。例如：If only I had more money, I could buy a car.四、在 would (just )as soon (宁愿) would sooner (宁愿) would (just ) rather (宁愿)后的宾语从句中，从句谓语用一 般过去时来表 示现在或将来要做的 事情，若谈及过去的动作，用过去完成时。其后不加 that 。.I d rather I were in the rain now.Dont always make noise. Id rather you keptsilent.五、在 in case, for fear that, lest
10、等引导的状语从句中，意为 “以免”，从句要用虚拟 语气。构成 should+ 动词原形， should 也可以省略。Take an umbrella with you in case it (should) rain.六、.as if/as though或even if/even though引导的从句中的虚拟语气如果从句中表示的动作发生在过去，则谓语动词用had+过去分词形式；如果指的是现在的状况，则用 过去式 ;指将来则用 would(should, could)+ 动词原形 .这里只看从句动作发生的时间 ,与 主句的时态没有关系 .When a pencil is partly in a
11、 glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.He would not resig n eve n if the heave n should collapse倒塌)七 .在表示建议 ,要求,命令等意思的动词 (request, require, demand, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, command, order , desire, insist,) 后面的宾语从句中 , 谓语动词 用should+动词原形,should可以省略,that不能省略.He suggested that we (sh
12、ould) have a meeting. The commander ordered that the bridge (should) be bombed.八.与表示请求 ,建议,命令等动词相对应的名词后面的表语从句,同位语从句用虚拟语气.(suggestti on, comma nd,dema nd,desire,request,requireme nt, in sist,advice,propose,order).构成同一 Our suggest on is that educati on not be in dustrialized.（表语从句）=we suggested that e
13、ducati on not be in dustrialized.九.表示建议,请求，命令动词在以下结构中（主语从句） “ It issuggested/required/request/ordered/Advised/insi sted/demanded that 用虚拟语气.构成同一It was suggested that he （should） atte nd the conferen ce.It was requested that the trial （should） be reported ope nly.十.在以下结构中（主语从句）It isimporta nt/n ecess
14、ary/stra nge/desirable/advisable/better/esse ntial/vital/imperative（必须的）that 句型中.that引导的从句用虚拟语气，should可以省略,that 不能省略.It is esse ntial that there should be eno ugh food and clothi ng for the wi nterIt is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July.第二部分虚拟语气01-10年专升本考试真题共26题一、if条件句中表示对将来的虚
15、拟1. 1014.tomorrow, he would be able to see the ope ning cerem ony.A. Would he come B. If he comesC. Was he coming D. Were he tocome2 11 6.tight now , she would get there on Sun day.A. Would she leave B. If she leaveC. Were she to leave D. If she hadleft二、if条件句中表示对过去的虚拟3 .02-28he would have come to class.A If Mike is able to fin ish his homework,B Would Mike be able to fin ish hishomework,C If Mike could fin ish his homework,D If Mike had bee n able to fin ish hishomework,4 .04-6your advice yesterda
