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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun.Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was use
2、d in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese in the eleventh century B. C.We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancie
3、nt times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices.In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first person in Europe to use the umbrella as protection
4、 against rain were the ancient Romans.During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England.
5、By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of co
6、lors.1.The first use of umbrella was as （ ） .2.（ ）were the people who first used umbrella.3.The umbrella was used only by royalty or by those in high offices （ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following is not true?5.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.protection
7、 against rainB.a shade against the sunC.a symbol of powerD.a symbol of honor问题2选项A.ChineseB.RomansC.GreeksD.Egyptians问题3选项A.in Europe in the 18th centuryB.in ancient Egypt and BabylonC.in the Far East in ancient timesD.during the Middle Ages问题4选项A.Women enjoy using umbrellas with varied kinds of col
8、ors nowadays.B.The inventor of the umbrella is unknown.C.Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas.D.Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times.问题5选项A.When Was the Umbrella Invented?B.The History of UmbrellaC.UmbrellaA Symbol of HonorD.Who Used Umbrella First?【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D
9、第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Its first use was as a shade against the sun.”可知选项B与原文描述一致。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知，最早使用伞的是中国人，选项A正确。3.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices.”可知选项C与原文一致。4.细节判断题。根据原文第三段可知，在古代远东地区只有皇族或高官才能
10、使用伞，由此可以推断伞并不便宜，所以选项D错误。5.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲述伞的历史。选项B正确。2. 单选题Our car trunk（ ） with suitcases and we could hardly make room for anything.问题1选项A.went crammingB.was crammedC.is crammingD.was been crammed【答案】B【解析】be crammed with为固定搭配，意为“被填满”。选项B表述正确。3. 翻译题Physicists all over the world, back in 1895, w
11、ere pretty much agreeing that the great work of physics had all been done. Some of them mourned publicly that no discoveries of truly major importance were likely to be made in the future. But then they did not know that a Professor Roentgen, working alone in a modest laboratory in Germany, had begu
12、n a series of experiments with a crude induction coil, a pear-shaped bulb from which the air had been removed, and a sheet of paper painted with certain metallic salts. And Professor Roentgen did not know that his work was destined to reveal a force of naturenever before suspectedthat would almost o
13、vernight revolutionize medicine and technology, and become a instrument for deeper probing of the structure of matter.【答案】在1895年，全世界的物理学家普遍认为所有有关物理的伟大研究都已经完成了，他们中的有些人甚至公开宣称将来不可能再出现真正有意义的重大发现了。但是，那时他们还不知道，在德国一间小小的实验室里，一位名叫伦琴的教师已经开始了对粗糙的电磁感应线圈、一个被抽走空气的梨形鳞茎状物和一张涂抹了某种金属盐的纸张进行一系列的实验。伦琴教授不知道他的工作注定会揭示自然的某种
14、力量，而这种力量是人们从未料想到的。它几乎在一夜间引起了医学和技术领域的革命，成为一种深入探测物质内部结构的工具。4. 单选题The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest.问题1选项A.illegalB.night-timeC.brutalD.abusive【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据dark clothing和blacked up faces以及nickname可推断，nocturnal指夜间的，选项B与之
15、意思相近，正确。5. 翻译题中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。【答案】Practically as the most attractive market in the world, China has drawn the attention of worldwide entrepreneurs whose acute insight led to wealthy benefits from their investment. I believe that there will be more opportunities for foreign people to take part in the investment in China in the wake of its WTO
