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1、英美文学研读复习提要About authors: 第1页F. Scott Fitzgerald; Robert Burns; 第7页Emily Dickinson; 第2,3页 Eugene ONeill; 第3页Shakespeare. (life、career and major works)-第4页Literary Items:Fiction has 4 genres 5页What is Criticism? NOVEL Symbol and symbolism Figurative language 6页l Leaves of Grass:Cavalry Crossing a Ford
2、 is a famous poem by Walt Whitman (18191892). A poem in Leaves of Grass. 1900. l Robert Burns Jan. 25th, 1759 July. 21st, 1796,Scotland.选择Poet, Lyricist, Farmer, Exciseman-Never went to school, learned by himself-a pioneer of the Romantic movementa great source of inspiration to the founders of both
3、 liberalism and socialism.-He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland, and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the Scots language, although much of his writing is also in English and a light Scots dialect, accessible to an audience beyond Scotla
4、nd. “Auld Lang Syne” is a Scots poem written by Robert Burns in 1788 and according a traditional folk song . The songs Scots title may be translated into English literally as “old long since”, or more idiomatically(惯用地), long long ago, days gone by or old times. Consequently For auld lang syne, as i
5、t appears in the first line of the chorus, might be loosely translated as for (the sake of) old times.u The famous novels F. Scott Fitzgeral are: 1.The Great Gatsby 2.This Side of Paradise 3. Tender Is the Night .选择The Jazz Age was a term coined by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and was a feature of the 1920s
6、 (ending with The Great Depression) when jazz music and dance became popular.-This occurred particularly in the United States, but also in Britain, France and else where. -Jazz played a significant part in wider cultural changes during the period, and its influence on pop culture continued long afte
7、rwards. u Eugene ONeill was Americas greatest playwright and was also known as American Shakespeare.Eugene ONeill was the first American dramatist to ever receive the Nobel Prize for literature (1936). -Life and Career -A great playwright, a tragic life-Son of a traveling actor-One year at Princeton
8、-Life as a seaman-1912, TB, start of career as a playwright-1920, first full-length play put on Broadway-1936, Nobel Prize, -4 Pulitzer Prizes (1920，1922，1928，1957)Eugene ONeill: The early period (1913-1919)Period of apprenticeship -Bound East for Cardiff （1916）东航卡迪夫his first play, marking the begin
9、ning of ONeils long and successful dramatic career and ushered(引导，进入) in the modern era of the American theatre. Eugene ONeill: The early period (1913-1919):Features: sea life, one-act plays,romanticism, naturalism, realism, Comment on Eugene ONeill大题ONeill was a tireless experimentalist in dramatic
10、 art. He took drama away from the old traditions of the last century and rooted it deeply in life.2.He was the first playwright to explore serious themes in the theatre and to carry out his continual, vigorous, courageous experiments with theatrical conventions. His plays have been translated and st
11、aged all over the world.3 He won Pulitzer Prize four times (1920, 1922, 1928, 1956) and the Nobel Prize in 1936 for his achievements in plays. 4 As the nations first playwright with 47 published plays, he did a great deal to establish the modes of the modern theatre in the country. 5.ONeills ceasele
12、ss experimentation enriched American drama and influenced later playwrights as Tennessee Williams and Edward Albee.Themes of Hairy Ape by Eugene ONeil Human Regression by IndustrializationThe resounding theme of The Hairy Ape is the effect of industrialization and technological progress on the worke
13、r. Industrialization has reduced the human worker into a machine. As a whole, the play is a close investigation of this regressive pattern through the character Yankthe play marks his regression from a Neanderthal on the ship to an actual ape at the zoo.The Frustration of ClassMildred and Yank are r
14、epresentative of the highest and lowest societal classesas Long would term it, the bourgeois and the proletariat. However, while Mildred and Yanks lifestyles are extremely different, they share similar complaints about class. Class limits and determines both Mildred and Yanks financial resources, ed
15、ucational opportunities, outlook on life, and culture. The Hairy Ape reveals how deeply and rigidly class is inscribed into American Culture and the cultural and financial boundaries it erects.u Main features of Shakespeare:a.one of the founders of realism in world literature as well as in English l
16、iterature;b.the great successes in character creations in vividness and intensity in emotional and psychological depth;c.the psychological probing of the characters inner conflict;d. the adroit plot construction conflict;e.skilled in many poetic forms;f.a great master of English language;g. the summit of the English Renaissance a
