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1、-动词动词的含义动词是表示动作或状态的词，在句子中做谓语。动词的根本形式：动词原形、过去式、现在分词和过去分词。动词的种类:类别特点举例及物动词vt跟宾语Ilikemusic.不及物动词vi不跟宾语Itrainedlast night.系动词跟表语Iamadoctor.Sheisa nurse.Wearevery happy.助动词跟动词原形或分词Idontlike playing basketball.Ihaveseen this movie before.情态动词跟动词原形Shecanspeak Japanese.动词时态一般现在时3种构造表示经常性、习惯性的动作；或普遍真理、客观事实；或
2、某种状态。“主谓宾构造Peter alwaysspendstoo much time playing computer games.Alice usuallygoesto school by bus in the morning.I like listening to classical music.“Therebe构造Thereisa map on the wall.Therearesome birds in the sky.“主系表构造Its very cold today.The earth is bigger than the moon.My father is a teacher.动
3、词第三人称单数-动词特征构成例词一般动词词尾加slike-likesteach-teaches以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾记忆技巧：吃ch蛇(sh,s)后喝XO词尾加esdo-doesgo-goeswash-washespass-passesmix-mixesfax-faxes(发送 )study-studies辅音字母+y,变y为i，再加escarry-carries以y结尾try-triesplay-plays元音字母+y,直接加sstay-stayssay-says一般过去时3种构造表示发生在过去的动作。在一般过去时的句子中,动词必须用过去式.动词过去式及过去分词的构成规那么变化构成法词
4、例(1)一般情况下加edwork - worked - workedplay - played - played(2)以e结尾的，加dlive - lived - livedlike - liked - liked(3)以“辅音字母+y结尾的，改y为i，再加ed.study - studied - studiedcry - cried - cried(4)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个stop - stopped - stopped辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.prefer - preferred - preferredrefer-referred-referredoc
5、cur-occurred-occurred不规那么变化参考课本一般过去时常见的提示:yesterday; the day before yesterday; lastweek/ month/-year/Sunday -this -；just now；- ago;after -;when -等等。注：当谓语动词是行为动词时，肯定句用动词的过去式表达，构成疑问句或否认句时，需借助did或didnt构成，谓语动词要复原成原形。例如：I went to the zoo yesterday.My mother didnt go to the park last weekend.Did Jim come
6、to see you last night?.现在进展时表示目前正在发生或进展的动作。只有延续性动词有进展时；非延续性动词没有进展时主语+系动词am / is / are+现在分词现在分词的构成构成法词例(1)一般情况下加ing.work - working；learn - learning(2)以e结尾的，去掉e，再加ing.live - living；take - taking(3)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个sit - sitting；stop - stopping辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ing.chat - chatting；refer - referring
7、(4)以ie结尾的，要改ie为y，再加ing.tie - tying；lie - lying现在进展时的标志：Look；Listen；now；at the moment / at presentLook. Aliceisreading a magazine over there.Listen. Peter is singing a Chinese song.Aliceistalking to Peternow.Im learning Japaneseat the moment.特殊情况：非延续性动词没有进展时，它们的现在分词形式表示将来时。主语+ ( am / is / are ) +非延续性
8、动词的现在分词：表示将来时。Imgoingto school now.Mary isleavingforNew York soon.Spring Festival iscoming.Imarrivingin Beijing.过去进展时表示在过去的某时正在发生或进展的动作。主语+系动词was / were+现在分词David was doing his homeworkat 8 oclock yesterday.I was doing my homeworkat his time yesterday.Tom was having breakfastwhenMary called him.-一般将
9、来时表示将要发生的动作，或方案或打算作某事。主语+ will +动词原形主语+ ( am / is / are ) + going to +动词原形主语+ ( am / is / are ) +非延续性动词的现在分词：例如：I will tell you the good news.John is going to visit Hangzhou next week.My father is coming to Qingdao tomorrow.一般将来时常见的提示:tomorrow;thedayaftertomorrow;nextweek;inthefuture;inthreedays;thi
10、sevening, soon, at the end of this term一般将来时的用法1. 表示将来的动作或状态。例如：We will get to Shanghai tomorrow.2. 在“祈使句+and/or+句子这个构造中，“句子用一般将来时。例如：Get up early, and you will catch the early bus.Hurry up, or you will be late for school.“be going to+动词原形与“will+动词原形be going to和will在一般情况下可以互换，但是在以下情况下将来时要用will。说明例句带
11、有意愿色彩I will help you later.Will you please close the door?问对方是否愿意或客气的邀请或命令Will you go with me?在时间、条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，用willMr. Wang will come if it doesnt rain.HewillcallusassoonashegetstoHongKong.过去将来时-表示在过去的某时方案或打算作某事。(间接引语/宾语从句)主语+ would +动词原形主语+ ( was / were ) + going to +动词原形主语+ ( was / were ) +
12、非延续动词的动名词例如：I thought you would help the old man.Mary was going to take part in this meeting.He said he was leaving for Hong Kong.现在完成时含义：现在完成时表示“过去的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响.汉语译文中经常含有“已经、“曾经、“还没有等词语.构成：主语+ have / has +过去分词例如：I have seen this movie before. (结果：我了解这部影片的内容)He has had a good education. (结果：他的知识水平
13、很高)现在完成时常见的标志:so far / up to now;recently;in recent years;before;in the past,/ in the last,/ over the past,/ over the last,since / for:既可以用于“现在完成时,也可以用于“现在完成进展时.already / yet / ever / never / before:既可以用于“现在完成时,也可以用于“过去完成时.I have already finished the work./ I have just finished the work.Have you fin
14、ished the work yet?I havent finished my work yet.延续性动词与非延续性动词延续性动词可以接一段时间；非延续性动词后面不能接一段时间,如果要接一段时间,就必须把非延续性动词替换成相应的延续性动词.come-be hereHe came here two hours ago.He hasbeenhere for two hours.go-be out/ be awayThey went out an hour ago.They havebeenout for an hour.leave-be awayTom left ten minutes ago.-Tom hasbeenaway for ten minutes.buy-haveI bought this dictionary 10 years ago.I have had this dictionary for 10 years.begin-be onThe film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.某些延续性动词如：look for, watch, wait for, live, work, develop, teach, learn,study,rain等与sinc
