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1、一般将来时特殊用法：用“be to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止 或可能性：He is to leave for Beijing tomorrow. 他决定明天去北京。Tell him hes not to be back late.告诉他不准迟回。用“be about to+动词原形”表示。主要表示即将要发生的事： He is about to leave. 他即将要离开。Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。 注：该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用：误： H
2、e is about to leave soon tomorrow. 另外，该结构在美国英语中还可表示“打算”（主要用于否定句）：Im not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借给他任何钱。（3）用“现在进行时”（即be+现在分词）表示。主要表示按计划或安排要发生的事： The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。Were having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。 注：该用法有时表示即将发生的动作：Im leaving. 我走了。（4）用“一般现在时”表示。表示按规定
3、或时间表预计要发生的事：The train leaves at 7:25 this evening. 火车今晚 7:25 分开。Tomorrow is Wednesday .明天是星期三。 We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。注：在表示时间、条件等的状语从句以及某些名词性从句、定语从句等中，也用一般现在时表示将 来意义，参见“时态详解：一般现在时”的有关用法。will 表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。Will you please lend me your bike? We will help him if he asks us.现在进行
4、时的用法注意： 有些动词（状态动词不用于进行时态）1. 表示知道或了解的动词:believe, doubt, forget, imagine, know, remember, realize, suppose, understand2. 表示“看起来“看上去appear, resemble, seem3 表示喜爱或不喜爱 hate, like，love，prefer4 表示构成或来源的动词 be come from. contain, include5 表示感官的动词 hear see smell sound taste6 表示拥有的动词 belong to，need，own, possess
5、, want, wish现在完成时（延续性动词和非延续性动词）一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如： learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段 时间,for 2 years; since 从句,since he came here; since+ 时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time 等
6、。例:He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.How long did you stay there last year?二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作 ,这种动作发生后立即结束。如如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表 示时间点的状语连用如two years ago; at 5
7、 oclock;例:He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可以 与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave - be away, borrow - keep,buy - have,begin/start - be on, die - be dead,finish - be over,join - be in+组织机构,be a member of+组织机构，open sth - keep sth op
8、en,fall ill - be ill,get up-be up,catch a cold - have a cold,come here - be here,go there - be there,become - be,come back - be back,fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in),go (get) out be out,例:The old man died 4 years ago.The old man has been dead for 4 years. It is 4 years since t
9、he old man died.Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago.He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago. I have had the book for 5 days.比较过去时与现在完成时1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的， 强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的
10、时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一 般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, this morning, tonight,this April, now, once， before, already, recently ， lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always比较现在完成时和过去完成时 现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作
11、对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在 的动作。I have cleaned the classroom .(强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！)We have lived here for ten years. “住从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时)We have lived here since we came here. “住是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时) 过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去” ，即比过去发生的 某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。在 told, said, knew, heard
12、, thought等动词后的宾语从句。She said （that） she had never been to Paris.Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.（来中国已过去，而先前“住 在纽约更过去！）（另外注意：“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在）We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term. （“上期期末”已过去，而是在其前“学”的就更过 去了！）1. I have been to Shanghai. I there last month
13、.A. goB. went C. have gone D. will go2. Whats your father doing now?He the room.A. cleaned B. cleans C. has cleaned D. is cleaning3. Have you had your breakfast yet?Yes, Mom it for me.A. was cooking B. is cooking C. will cook D. cooked4. Your phone number again? I quite catch it.-Its 9568442.A. didn
14、tB. couldntC. dontD. cant5. Can I help you, sir?Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it .A. didnt work B. wont workC. cant workD. doesnt work6. Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home.A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would com
15、e7. my glasses?Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you seeB. Had you seeC. Would you see D. Have you seen8. I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at that time.A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked9. Is this raincoat yours?No, mine there behind the door.A. is hangingB. has hung C. hangs D. hung10. Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?I , but I had an unexpected visitor.A. hadB. wouldC. was going to D. did11. Who is Jerry Cooper? I saw you shaking ha
