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1、真诚为您提供优质参考资料，若有不当之处，请指正。初二年级下学期语法总结一一般将来时表示一般将来时在八年级中我们已经学习了以下几种表现形式：1用现在进行时表将来时（表示按计划安排要发生的事件。）What are you doing this weekend?Im playing soccer with Jim.Are you visiting the aquarium tomorrow? Yes, we are.2用be going to do表将来时（表示明确的打算或用来表示必然，很可能发生的事或自然现象。）It is going to rain this afternoon.Were goi
2、ng to have a new subject this year.3用will do表示将来时（表示单纯的将来概念或表示“意愿”。）I will see you tomorrow.Will you please open the door?二交际用语寻求/提出建议Ask for advice寻求建议（1）What shall I do?（2）Can you help me?/Can you give me a hand?（3）What should he do?（4）Could you give me some advice?(a piece of advice, some pieces
3、of advice)Give suggestions提出建议（1）You should say you are sorry.（2）You could write him a letter.（3）They shouldnt argue.（4）Maybe you should call him up.（5）I think Evin should tell her friend to get different clothes.（6）Why dont you tell him the truth?（7）Why not borrow one?（8）Lets go shopping.（9）Shall w
4、e play soccer?（10）How about /What about seeing a movie?（11）Youd better not go out now.（12）Its best to wear warm clothes.三、语法点拨过去进行时的用法1过去进行时的构成：动词be的过去式was /were动词的现在分词构成。（1）过去进行时的否定式是在动词be后加not构成。例如：He wasnt watching TV when his mother came back.妈妈回来的时候他没在看电视。We werent playing basketball when he ar
5、rived.他到的时候我们没有打篮球。（2）过去进行时的疑问句是将动词be（were, was）移至句首。例如：Were you playing the computer games at 10 last night?昨天晚上10点你在玩电脑游戏吗？Was your brother doing his homework at this time yesterday?你哥哥昨天这个时候在做作业吗？注意：I was 不能缩写成Is ; They were, We were不能缩写成Theyere, Weere有些表示感情知觉和状态的动词一般不用于进行时态，如：see, hear, love, li
6、ke，know, remember, understand，have等。2过去进行时的用法：表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。例如：I was watching TV at that time.那时我正在看电视。He was cooking at 12 oclock yesterday.昨天12点时他正在做饭。When I came in, she was writing a letter.我进来时她正在写信。The students were talking about the movie when the teacher came in.老师进来时学生们正在谈论那部影片。3过去进行时还可
7、以用来表示在过去某阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。例如：They were waiting for you yesterday.昨天他们在等你。He was studying in a middle school at that time.那时他在中学念书。4过去时行时与一般过去时的区别：过去进行时表示在过去某时间里正在进行的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时则表示一个发生在过去的动作或状态，一般说来该动作已完成。例如：They were writing a letter to their pen-pals last night.（表示他们在昨晚某时刻正在做的动作，但不强调信是否写完）They wr
8、ote a letter yesterday.（表示一个完整的动作）辨析：when与while（1）when adv. （关系副词）当 时；（疑问副词）什么时候，何时When will he come? 他什么时候来？It was raining when they started. 他们动身时正下着雨。Well start when the team leader comes. 队长一来，我们就出发。（2）while conj. 当的时候，和同时While he was eating, I asked him to lend me $ 2.当他正在吃饭时，我请他借给我2美元。when=at
9、that time 当的时候，其动作可以是延续性动作，也可以是瞬间的动作。e.g. When I came in, he was reading. When I was a child, I liked soccer very much.while=during the time that 在期间，与其连用的动作通常是延续性的动作，不与瞬间的动词连用（其引导的从句通常用过去进行时）。While her children were doing their homework, she was doing some housework.当她的孩子们在做作业时，她在做家务活。While the stu
10、dents were reading the new words, the teacher walked around in the classroom.四、语法点拨直接引语与间接引语（Direct speech and Indirect Speech）1直接引语与间接引语当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来。如果是引用原话，被引用的部分被称为直接引语(Direct Speech)。如果转述别人的话，就被称为间接引语（Indirect Speech）e.g. Lana said,“Im not going to her house on Friday ni
11、ght.”（直接引语）Lana said (that) she was not going to her house on Friday night. （间接引语）直接宾语通常都用引号“”括起来，间接引语多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。如果引用的句子原来是个陈述句，我们在间接引语中就要注意以下几点：（1）在引语的开头用连词that：（2）根据句意改变人称：（3）注意引语中的谓语与主句的谓语在时态上的一致：这个句子中因为有明显的过去时间状语，可以不改。（4）根据句意将指示代词、地点、时间状语等作必要的改动：一般情况下，通常有以下的变化：在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词thisthesethatth
12、ose表时间的词nowtodaythis week (month, etc)yesterdaylast week (month, etc)three days(a year etc) agotomorrownext week(month, etc)thenthat daythat week (month, etc)the day beforethe week (month etc) beforethree days (a year, etc) beforethe next (fallowing) daythe next (following) week表地点的词herethere动词comeb
13、ringgotake2当直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语由if或whether引导。其人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语等的变化与陈述句的变化相同，另还要注意将疑问句的语序变成陈述句。在这种情况下，通常将say改成ask，在后面可以加上一个间接宾语(me, him, us等)。3当直接引语为特殊疑问句时，将其改成由原来的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，将其语序改变成陈述句的语序。（其它变化与前面的两种句型相同。）4当直接引语为祈使句时，我们通常用一个简单句来转述，这个请求或命令通常由一个复合宾语来表示；其动词通常用tell, ask, order等。五 if引导的条件状语从句：If you go to
14、the party,youll have a great time.这是一个含有的复合句。主句用将来时或含有情态动词的句子，从句的将来时用现在时表示。如：If you study hard, you can pass the examination.如果你努力学习，你就能通过考试的。If you wait a minute, I shall go and find him.请等一会儿，我就去把他找来。if引导的条件状语从句是本单元的重点语法项目，也是中考的考点，请同学们多加注意。六、语法点拨现在完成进行时构成：have/hasbeen现在分词用法：用来表示某一动作在过去开始，一直延续到现在，有
15、可能刚刚结束，也有可能还要继续下去。与其连用的时间状语：现在完成进行时常与for 2 hours, since 1986, all this morning, these few days 等表示一段时间的状语连用。如：How long have you been skating?What book have you been reading these days?Ive been sitting here for 3 hours. (Ive=I have)I have been collecting stamps since I was 10.How long has he been collecting kites?We havent be
