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1、 附 录 A一、课题国内外现状转向器又名转向机、方向机，它是转向系中最重要的部件。转向器的作用是：增大转向盘传到转向传动机构的力和改变力的传递方向。转向器按结构形式可分为多种类型。目前较常用的有齿轮齿条式、蜗杆曲柄指销式、循环球-齿条齿扇式、循环球曲柄指销式、蜗杆滚轮式等。如果按照助力形式，又可以分为 机械式（无助力），和动力式（有助力）两种，其中动力转向器又可以分为气压动力式、液压动力式、电动助力式、电液助力式等种类。转向器的工作原理就是，当驾驶员左右转动方向盘时，通过带有万向传动装置的转向柱转动，使转向螺杆转动，循环球在螺旋管状通道内滚动，形成“球流”。钢球在管状通道内绕行两周后，流出转向
2、螺母而进入导管的一端，再沿导管经导管的另一端流回螺旋管状通道。故在转向器工作时，两列钢球在各自的封闭管道内循环，而不致脱出。钢球流动的同时，推动螺母沿螺杆前后移动。然后，齿条带动齿扇摆动，使摇臂轴发生转动。最后，通过转向传动机构推动转向轮偏转，实现汽车转向。近年来，我国汽车工业呈现出稳定快速增长的态势。作为汽车关键部件之一的转向器也得到了较为快速地发展，在产销规模不断增长的同时，技术水平也得到了一定程度的提升。在国内汽车配装的转向器产品中，商用车（主要是载货车）有95%以上是自主品牌转向器。在中高档轿车中，2/3车辆使用的是中外合资企业或外商独资企业生产的转向器，1/3的车辆使用自主品牌转向器
3、。低档轿车则几乎全部使用自主品牌转向器4。汽车转向器机构涉及整车的操纵性、稳定性和安全性，它的质量也反映了车辆的质量，是直接关系到车辆性能的关键部件。对转向系统的要求，最主要的是转向的灵敏性和操纵的轻便性。高的转向灵敏性，要求转向器具有小的传动比；好的操纵轻便性，则要求转向器具有大的传动比。这个矛盾一直都以一个很难解决的问题。而循环球式转向器的传动效率可达到75%85%；转向器的传动比可以变化；工作平稳可靠；齿条和齿扇之间的间隙调整容易；适合用来做整体式动力转向器，达到矛盾的平衡。二、研究主要成果1、做成整体式动力转向器应用于各种工况的多种车辆中。2、制成变传动比转向器解决转向灵敏度和转向力之
4、间的矛盾。3、可逆式转向器保证转向后转向轮和转向盘自动回证，减轻驾驶员疲劳，提高行驶安全性。4、采用变厚齿扇简单了转向器的传动间隙调整机构，保证了转向的灵敏度。三、发展趋势随着生产技术的发展，动力转向系统在体积、价格和所消耗的功率等方面都取得了惊人的进步。电动助力转向技术得到迅速发展，其应用范围己经从微型轿车向大型轿车和客车方向发展。日本的大发汽车公司、三菱汽车公司、木田汽车公司，美国Oelph公司，英国Lueas公司，德国的ZF公司，都研制出了各白的EPS。EPS技术日趋完善，并且其成本大幅度降低，为此其应用范围将越来越大。在国内，越来越多的企业参与到转向器生产研发中来，江门兴江、沙市久隆、
5、荆州恒隆等一些本土企业开始将液压动力转向器作为企业的战略重点来发展，而国内外资企业如上海采埃孚、广州昭和、一汽光洋等主要生产轿车用液压动力转向器。2006年我国27家主要汽车转向器生产企业的产量达804.3万台。出口规模超过进口，出口数量达3048.1万千克，实现创汇14451. 8万美元。但需要注意到的是，我国本土企业采用国内设备为主，生产设备加工精度低，过程控制不规范，很多流程被简略掉了。山于生产技术方而的积累和创新比较少，本土企业主要依靠引进和模仿国外的先进技术来改进产品。所以提倡本土生产的国内汽车还广泛的应用传统的机械式转向器。 附 录 BA situation at home and
6、 abroad, and subject.Steering gear and name to machine, machine, it is the direction of the most important to the parts. The role of steering gear is: increase steering wheel steering transmission mechanism to the force and change the direction of the force transmission.Steering gear in the form of
7、the structure can be divided into DuoZhong type. At present the more commonly used have super-modulus gear type, worm crank refers to pin type, circulation ball-rack tooth fan type, circulation ball crank refers to pin type, worm wheel type, etc. If in power, can divide again to form (no power), the
8、 mechanical and the power type (help) two kinds, in power steering gear and can be divided into the air pressure power type, hydraulic power type, electric power type, such as type electric hydraulic booster species.The working principle of steering gear is, when the driver to turn right or left, th
9、rough the steering wheel with universal transmission device of the rotation of the steering to screw rotation, circulation ball in a spiral tubular channels in rolling, and formed a ball flow. Steel ball in tubular channels in around two weeks later, the outflow to one end of the catheter into the n
10、uts, along with an catheter to the other end of the flow back to spiral tubular channels. So in the steering gear work, two columns of steel ball in their respective closed cycle, and do not send in the pipeline to get out. The flow of steel ball while pushing nuts along the screw moved back and for
11、th. Then, rack drive teeth, make swing door lock shaft rotation happened. Finally, through the steering wheel drive mechanism to promote deflection, and to make the turn to.In recent years, automobile industry in our country present a steady and rapid growth trend. As one of the key components of th
12、e automobile redirector also obtained fast development, the scale of production and marketing in growing at the same time, the technical level also got some degree of ascension.In the domestic cars equipped with the steering gear products (mainly trucks, commercial vehicle) more than 95% is the inde
13、pendent brand steering gear. In the upscale cars, two-thirds of the vehicle use is a sino-foreign joint venture or a wholly foreign owned enterprise production of steering gear, a third of the vehicle use independent brand steering gear. Cheap car is almost all of the use of the independent brand st
14、eering gear 4.Automobile redirector agencies involved in the vehicle handling, stability and safety, its quality also reflect the quality of the vehicle, is directly related to vehicle performance of the key components.To turn to the requirements of the system, the most is to the sensitivity of the
15、portability and manipulation. High sensitivity to request with small steering gear transmission ratio of; Good manipulate light sex, and the requirements of steering gear had transmission. The conflict has been a difficult to solve the problem. Ball type redirector and circulation of the transmissio
16、n efficiency can reach 75% 85%; The steering gear transmission ratio can change; Steady and reliable; Rack and tooth fan clearances between adjustment easily; Suitable for used to make integral power steering gear, achieve the balance of the contradiction.Second, the main research results.1. make integral power steering gear used in various modes of the DuoZhong v
