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1、小学英语语法-冠词冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,只能用在名词之前。冠词有定冠词the和不定冠词a和an。定冠词the可以用在单数可数名词,复数名词和不可数名词之前,不定冠词a和an只能用在单数可数名词之前。一不定冠词a/an的用法(一)a和an的用法区别a用在以辅音音素开头的单词、字母、数字等前面。a book /buk/一本书; a pen /pen/一支钢笔; a “c”/si:/一个字母“c”;a “nine”/ nan/一个数字“9”an用在以元音音素开头的单词、字母、数字等前面。an English /gl / book一本英语书;an apple /pl /一个苹果;a
2、n “f”/ef/一个字母“f”(字母f的首音素为/e/);an “eight”/ et /一个数字“8”(数字eight的首音素为/e/) 注意:判断一个词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头,是根据读音而不是根据字母。注意以下几种特殊情况:an hour/a(r) /一个小时(hour中的 h不发音);a one-year /wn /-old boy 一个一岁的男孩(数字one的首音素为/w/)。(二)不定冠词a/an的主要用法1.用在单数可数名词前,表示泛指一个。I am a student. 我是一个学生。My father is a teacher. 我爸爸是一个老师。This is
3、an egg. 这是一个鸡蛋。I have an eraser. 我有一块橡皮。2. 表示一个(相当于one)An apple a day keeps the doctors away一天一个苹果,医生远离我。3.用在固定搭配中a few一些; a little一点,一些;a lot of许多;have a cold感冒;have a good time玩得愉快;have a break/rest 休息一下;have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look游泳/步行/谈话/跳舞/看一看二定冠词the的主要用法1. the +单数可数名词/复数名词/不可数名词(表示特指这个,这些
4、)The books on the desk are very interesting. 桌子上的这些书很有趣。The water in the river is good. 这条河里的水很好。2.the + 独一无二的事物the sun太阳;the earth地球;the moon月亮; the sea大海;the world世界3.the + 发明物the telephone /computer.电话/电脑4.the +方位名词on the left/right在左/右边;in the east/west/north/south of China在中国的东/西/北/南部5.the +西洋乐
5、器名词 play the violin/ piano 拉小提琴/弹钢琴。6.the +序数词/形容词最高级(注意:副词最高级前即可以加the,也可以不加the)the first lesson第一课 Tom is the tallest student in our class and runs (the) fastest.汤姆是我们班里最高的学生并且跑得最快。7.用在固定搭配中do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服 ;go to the hotel去住旅馆; go to the cinema去看电影三 不用冠词的几种情况1.复数名词和不可数名词,表示泛指,不加冠词。I
6、 like reading books. 我喜欢读书。Water is necessary to us. 水对于我们是必不可少的。2. 名词前已有所有格或作定语的物主代词(my, your, his, her等),指示代词(this/ these, that/those),不定代词(some, any等)限制时,不加冠词。This is Toms book.这是汤姆的书。These flowers are beautiful.这些花很漂亮。 3.在季节、月份、星期、节假日、学科、三餐、球类和棋类名词前,不加冠词。Spring comes after winter.冬天过去了就是春天。Today
7、 is Thursday, September 10th, Teachers Day.今天是九月十号,星期四,是教师节。He likes playing basketball/chess.他喜欢打篮球/下棋。4表交通工具或通信手段的名词与by连用时,不加冠词。(注意:不与by连用时,要加冠词)by bike/ car/bus/train 骑自行车/乘汽车/乘火车by plane乘飞机by boat/ship乘船by radio/ telephone通过无线电/打电话(on a bike骑自行车 in a car乘汽车)5.用在固定搭配中go home回家; go to work去上班;go t
8、o bed/ school去睡觉/上学;at noon/night在中午/夜晚;at home在家;at work在工作练一练一用适当的冠词填空1. Mr. Li is _ old worker.2. Look at _ picture! Theres _ house in it.3. There is _ interesting picture on _ wall.4. Tom is _ kind boy. All _ students love him.5. Meimei is _ best student in her class.6. _ earth is one of _ suns
9、planets.7. Mary is _ cleverer of the two girls.8. -How long did you stay there ?-About half _ hour.9._ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world. 10. Shanghai is in _ east of China.11. Beijing is _ beautiful city.12. There is _ old book on the desk. _ old book is Marys.13.His sister likes playing _
10、piano.14. She has _ orange skirt. _ skirt is nice.15. At that time Tom was _ one-year-old baby.二单句改错1.What a interesting story it is!2. Kate sometimes plays violin before supper.3.I sometimes play the table tennis after school.4. We cant see sun at night.5. There is a “s” in the word “bus”.6. The Hu
11、anghe River is in north of China. 7.A book on the desk is mine.8.I have new pen and I like it very much .9.I go to school by a bike.10. My father is an teacher.答案:一1. an 2. the; a 3.an; the 4. a ; the 5.the 6.The;the 7.the 8.an 9. The; the 10.the 11.a 12.an; the 13.the 14.an; the 15.a二1.aan 2. violin之前加 the 3.去掉the 4. sun 之前加 the 5.aan 6. north 之前加 the 7.AThe 8. new 之前加a9. 去掉a 10.an-a3