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1、不定式的定义在语法中，一般式：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发 生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.他好像知道这。I hope to see you aga in. = I hope that r II see you aga in.我希望再见至 M尔。 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。rm sorry to have give n you so much trouble.很抱歉给你添了这么多麻烦。He seems to have caught a cold.他似乎感冒了。 进行式：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的
2、动作同时发生。He seems to be eati ng somethi ng.他似乎在吃东西。 完成进行式：She is known to have bee n wreak ing on the problem for many years.她知道已处于这个问题很多年了。是动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。它被叫做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词形变化所局限。动词不定式指由to加上动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。动词不定式的构成与形式动词不定式可以作以上
3、各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性。动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动 者我们称之为逻辑主语，其形式如下：时态主动形式被动形式一般式(not) to do(not) to be done完成式(not) to have done(not) to have been done进行式(not) to be doing完成进行式(not) to have been doing不定式在句中的成分一、作宾语1）动词+不定式afford,aim,appear,agree,arra nge,
4、ask,be,decide,bother,care,choose,come,dare,dema nd,desir e,determ in e,expect,elect,e ndeavor,hope,fail,happe n,help,hesitate,learn ,lo ng,mea n,man age, offer,ought,pla n,prepare,prete nd,promise,refuse,seem,te nd,wait,wish.The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。I happe n to kn
5、ow the an swer to your questi on.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。2）动词+宾语+不定式ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, n eed prefer, prepare, promise,want, wish 例句：a. I like to keep everythi ng clea n.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。b. I like you to keep everyth ing clea n.我喜欢你能使每件东西都保持整洁。c. I want to talk to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。
6、d. I want you to talk to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。3）动词+疑问词+不定式decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear,find out, expla in, tell例句：a. Please show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做。b. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.
7、有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。c. The questi on is how to put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。（注意：疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。）二、作补语1）动词+宾语+不定式（to do）advise,allow,appo in t,believe,cause,challe nge,comma nd,compel,con sider,declare,drive,e na ble,e ncourage,fi nd,forbid,force,guess,hire,imagi ne,impel,i nduce,i nform
8、,i nstruct,i nvite,judge,k no w,like,order,permit,persuade,remi-nd,report,request,require,select,se nd,state,suppos e,tell,th in k,tra in ,trust,u ndersta nd,urge,war n例句：a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。b. We believe him to be guilty.我们相信他是有罪的。Find 的特殊用法：Find后可用分词做宾补，或先
9、加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to的动词不定式find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get， have。例句：a. I found him lying on the ground.b. I found it importa nt to lear n.c. I found that to lear n En glish is importa nt.典型例题：The next morning she found the manin bed ， dead.A. lyi ng B. lie C. lay D. layi ng答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表
10、 达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。2）to + be的不定式结构，作补语的动词Ackno wledge,believe,c on sider,thi nk,declare（声 称）,discover,fa ncy（想）,feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see（理 解 ）,show,suppose,take（为）,u ndersta nd例句：a. We con sider Tom to be one of the best stude nts in our class.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。典型例题Charles Babb
11、age is gen erally con sidered_ the first computer.A. to invent B. inven ti ngC. to have inven tedD. havi ng inven ted答案：A.由consider to dosth. 排除B、D。.此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。3) to be +形容词Seem,appear,be said,be supposed,be believed,be thought,be known,bereport
12、ed,hope,wish,desire,wan t,plan,expect,mean例句：a. The book is believed to be unin terest ing.人们认为这本书没什么意思。4) there be+ 不定式believe,expect,i nten d,like,love,mea n,prefer,wa nt,wish,u ndrsta nd例句：a. We did nt expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。有些动词需用as 短语做补语 ，女口 regard, think believe
13、, take, consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。Mary took him as her father .玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。三、作主语easy,difficult,hard,importa nt,possible,impossible,comfortable ,n ecessary,better;the first,the n ext,the last,the best,too much,too little ,noteno ugh,K ind,ni ce,stupid,rude,clever,fooli
14、sh,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,c on siderate,silly,elfish例句：a. Its easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了b. Its so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真高兴。b. Its n ecessary for you to lock the car whe n you do not use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。c. Its very kind of him to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。d. It was silly of us to be
15、lieve him.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。e. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。1）其他系动词如，look， appear等也可用于此句型。2）不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。3）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It isto 的句型（对）To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。（错）It is to believe to see.四、作表语不定式可以在句中作表语，起名词的作用。例如： My work is to clea n the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor.五、作定语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. My chief pu
