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1、过去完成时注意：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作发生的时间是过去的过去它是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。E.g. By the end of the match， they had kicked two goals.We had already had lunch before we arrived there.其结构是had+过去分词它的否定句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。E.g. I had reached the station before 9： 00 oclock.I had not reached
2、 the station before 9： 00 oclock.Had you reached the station before 9： 00 oclock？它通常和before，by the end of等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1 ） by +过去的时间点。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：We had learned over two th
3、ousand English words by the end of last term.（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由 “过去的过去 ”来判定。过去完成时表示 “过去的过去 ”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作 在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在 told, said, knew, heard,
4、thought 等动词后的宾语从句。如：She said that she had seen the film before.（ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成 时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、 从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：After he closed the
5、 door, he left the classroom.（ 3）表示意向的动词，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示 原本 ， 未能We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3. 根据上、下文来判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. 单项选择1 He asked me during the summer ho
6、lidays.A. where I had beenB. where I had goneC. where had I beenD. where had I gone2. What Jane by the time he was sever?A. did, doB. has, done C did, did.D. had, done3. I 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She lived here for years.A. had, a
7、 few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I the dinner already.A had cooked B. cookedC. have cookedD. was cooked6. She said she the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will seeD. had seen7. She said her family themselves the arm
8、y during the war.A. has hidden, fromB. had hidden, fromC. has hidden, withD. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he .A. has completed universityB. has completed the universityB. had completed an universityD. had completed university9. She had written a number of books the end of las
9、t year.A. for B. in C. byD. at10. He to play before he was 11 years old.A had learned, pianoB. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the pianoD. learns ,piano.用动词的适当形式填空1. We (paint) the house before we (move) in.2. That rich old man (make) a will before he (die).3. They (study) the map of the count
10、ry before they (leave).4. The robbers (run away ) before the policemen (arrive).5. I (turn off) all the lights before I (go) to bed.6. Paul (go) out with Jane after he (make) a phone call.虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚 拟语气的形式有下列几种：、与现在事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1. 动词过去式（或were）2. 助动词（过
11、去式）+动词原形ShouldWould+动词原形couldmightIf had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1. should+动词原形2. 动词过去式3. were to+动词原形ShouldWould+动词原形couldmightIf you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her
12、tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 三、与过去事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句Ifhad+过去分词ShouldWould + have+过去分词couldmightIf Id known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country. 四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉 if 的条件从句结构：Had you asked me, I would h
13、ave told you.(=If you had asked me,.)2. 有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如 A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,.)(=If you hadnt helped me,.)3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all
14、 right now.If I were you, I would have gone home. 五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下： suggest, advise, recommend, demand,require, insist, urge, request, order,+that. .(should )+动词原形decide, ask, move, propose 等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smokin
15、g.上述动词的名词形式出现时， that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果 that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。He insists that he is right.2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：imperative, advisable,动词完成式It is (was) + important, natural, necessary, +that. .(should) +essential, strange,等动词原形It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders. It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法动词过去式或w
