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1、第6讲 动词的3个考查角度、13组高频短语记忆、5组近义词辨析及动词考法备考指导对于动词的考查一定是从以下几个角度:(1)从语法(时态、语态、语气等)的角度考查;(2)从单词词义辨析的角度考查;(3)从短语词义辨析的角度考查:同一个动词后跟不同的介词或副词的考查;不同的动词后跟同一个介词或副词的考查。一、以get为例掌握高考考查动词时的三个角度1从语法的角度考查get的相关知识(1)get宾语to do叫(请、说服)某人做某事Ill get more men to do it.我多叫几个人做此事。Be sure to get Mr.White to come here.一定请怀特先生来。(2)
2、get宾语过去分词弄得(使得)某事完成(自己也可能参与)She got a new coat made.她定做了一件新大衣。Lets get this matter cleared up.咱们把这件事情弄清楚吧。(3)get宾语现在分词使在某种状态中(相当于keep.doing)The lecture got us thinking.这次演讲使我们深思。Can you get the clock going again?你能让这个钟再走起来吗?(4)get过去分词(构成被动,着重于动作)受,被He got dismissed because of his laziness.由于懒惰他被开除了。
3、I got acquainted with him when he was in high school.我在中学时期就认识了他。(5)(口语)Got it!明白!Youve got me!这下可把我难住了! 2从词汇的角度考查get的相关知识(1)get不同的介词(副词)get along/on with与和睦相处,进展get about(消息)传开,传出来;走动,到处跑,旅游get across(使)通过;(使)被理解,(把)讲清楚get away with侥幸做成get down to sth.开始做某事3从词汇的角度考查get的相关知识(2)不同的动词同一个介词(副词)get thro
4、ugh用完;顺利通过;接通电话break through突破,突围see through看透,看穿,看破look through审核,仔细查看;透过看;浏览,快速查看go through仔细讨论;仔细查看;经历,经过;用完,通过pull through(使)度过危机,(使)度过危险二、运用归类识记法牢记13组高考高频动词短语1break短语break away (from sb./sth.)脱离,逃脱,甩掉break ones word食言break out爆发,突然开始break down机器、车辆等坏掉;使分解break in插话;强行进入break into强行闯入;突然开始break
5、up粉碎;关系破裂;垮掉2bring短语bring forth生产bring forward将提前;提议bring down降低;打落bring in赚得;提出;引进bring up抚养;提出;呕吐3call短语call at someplace拜访某地call on sb.拜访某人call for需要,要求;接call on/upon sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事4take短语take away带走;解除take off脱下;起飞;迅速流行take on雇用;呈现take in收留;欺骗;理解;包含take down写下;拆掉take up开始从事;占据take part in参
6、加take pride in为感到骄傲take place发生take the place of替代take care of照顾take action采取行动take measures/steps采取措施5give短语give in投降,让步give up放弃,投降give out散发,耗尽give off发出光、热、气味等give away分发,送给6go短语go out送出;熄灭go with sth.附属于;同意go mad发疯go bad变坏,变质go against违背go on继续7hold短语hold back隐瞒;阻挡,抑制hold on坚持,等着;不要挂掉电话hold up耽
7、搁;支持住8keep短语keep back保持距离;抑制感情等的流露;隐瞒keep off回避某话题;使不接近keep away from远离keep up with sth.熟悉;继续支付keep up with sb.与某人保持联系keep on继续keep a record保持纪录keep ones promise遵守诺言keep an eye on照看,留神,留意9look短语look after照顾,照料look around/round环顾四周look down on看不起,鄙视look for寻找;期待look out小心look forward to sth./doing st
8、h.盼望,期待look up好转;抬头往上看;查阅look into调查10make短语make up化妆;组成;编造make up for弥补be made up of由组成/构成make out理解,看清make full/good use of充分利用make friends with与交朋友make fun of取笑make room for给让出空间make an apology to给道歉make preparations for为作准备make the bed铺床make a living谋生make money赚钱make peace讲和make tea沏茶11put短语put
9、 away把放回原处;积蓄put up提升;张贴;建立;投宿put down写下;放下;镇压put out生产;扑灭;出版put off取消;使反感put on穿上;上演;增加体重put up with sb./sth.容忍12set短语set about开始做;攻击set out动身;开始工作set off出发;使爆炸;引起set up建立set fire to sth./set sth.on fire放火烧set an example to为树立榜样13turn短语turn to翻到;向求助turn in上交;取得turn on打开;取决于;突然攻击turn off关掉;不再听turn u
10、p偶然出现;把声音调高turn down把声音调低;拒绝turn out结果是;出席take an exam参加考试,相当于sit an examtake ones advice听从劝告take it for granted (that.)把看成是理所当然的事take sb./sth.seriously严肃对待某人/某事take.for example以为例三、运用语境记忆法掌握5组近义词1afford,cost,pay,spend,takeafford表示“买得起;有时间做”,可以指费用、时间等,常用于afford sth.和afford to do sth.结构;其他四个词都有“花费”之意
11、,其中cost指“需付费”,常用于cost sb.sth.结构;pay常指“付多少钱”,常用于pay (sb.)for sth.结构;spend指“花时间或钱”,常用于sb.spend时间/钱on sth./(in) doing sth.结构;take常用于It takes sb.时间to do sth.结构。如:We cannot afford to pay such a price.我们付不起这个价钱。The new computer costs him around 1,000.(cost的主语一般是物,且没有被动结构)这台新电脑花费了他将近1 000美元。Who will pay fo
12、r the meal?谁为这顿饭付账?Every day he spent twenty minutes (in) talking to the boy.他每天花20分钟的时间跟这个男孩谈话。It took us a lot of time to finish the work.完成这项工作花了我们很多时间。2take part in,join in,join,attend它们都有“参加”之意。take part in意为“参加,参与(某事或某活动)”;join in意为“参加”,后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或动名词;join指“加入”某个团体、组织;attend强调“出
13、席”,如attend a meeting/concert,attend classes/school/a lecture等。如:It is useful to take an active part in afterschool activities.积极参加课外活动是有益的。Please join us and play together!加入我们一起玩吧!Last Saturday all of us attended his wedding.上个星期六,我们都参加了他的婚礼。He never joined in the usual sports of the boys.他从不参加男孩们的
14、一般活动。3hurt,wound,injure,destroy(1)hurt表示“伤害”的一般用词,既可以指“对肉体的伤害”,也可以指“对精神的伤害”。如:He hurt his back when playing squash.他打壁球时背部受伤了。What he said at the meeting hurt me.他在会议上说的话伤害了我。(2)wound常指“外伤”,特别指“在战争、打斗中受到的伤害”。如:He was wounded in the war in the left arm.他在战争中左胳膊受了伤。(3)injure一般指“在意外事故中受伤”。如:Three peopl
15、e were killed and five injured in the crash.撞车事故中有三人死亡,五人受伤。(4)destroy一般指“彻底损坏”,常译成“毁坏,破坏”。如:The school was destroyed completely by a big fire.学校被一场大火彻底烧毁了。4arise,rise,raise(1)arise常表示问题等的“产生,出现”,主语多为抽象名词。如:A new crisis has arisen.新危机已经出现。(2)rise其过去式、过去分词分别为rose,risen,是不及物动词,不能接宾语,无被动语态,意为“上升,升起;起床;增长”。如:Food pri