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1、TED英语演讲：怎样用你的大脑控制她人的手臂 葛雷格?盖吉的目前要务，是要让人人全部能够接触脑神经科学。在这场有趣、又有点吓人的展示中，这位脑神经科学家兼资深TED讲者，用一台简单、廉价的自製工具来夺走其中一位听众的自由意志。这不是障眼法，它确实发生了。下面是xx为大家搜集有关，欢迎借鉴参考。演说题目：How to control someone elses arm with your brain演说者：Greg Gage演讲稿The brain is an amazing and complex organ. And while many people are fascinated by t
2、he brain, they cant really tell you that much about the properties about how the brain works because we dont teach neuroscience in schools.大脑是个很神奇又复杂的器官。尽管大家全部对大脑十分着迷，她们却讲不出太多有关大脑的特征，和它是怎样工作的，因为学校没有神经科学的课。And one of the reasons why is that the equipment is so complex and so expensive that its really
3、 only done at major universities and large institutions. And so in order to be able to access the brain, you really need to dedicate your life and spend six and a half years as a graduate student just to become a neuroscientist to get access to these tools.其中一个原因就是对应的设备太复杂又太昂贵，这些研究只有在高等学府和大型研究机构才能进行
4、。因此为了能够接触到大脑，你几乎需要奉献终生，花六年半的时间在硕士院学习，只为了成为神经科学家好能够使用那些设备。And thats a shame because one out of five of us, thats 20 percent of the entire world, will have a neurological disorder. And there are zero cures for these diseases. And so it seems that what we should be doing is reaching back earlier in the
5、 eduction process and teaching students about neuroscience so that in the future, they may be thinking about possibly becoming a brain scientist.很遗憾的是，我们每五个人当中就有一个，也就是全球人口的20%会受神经性失调的困扰。然而还没有任何方法能治愈这些疾病。这么看来，我们应该从教育的更早期阶段开始就传授给学生神经科学的知识，这么在未来，她们或许会考虑成为脑神经科学家。When I was a graduate student, my lab mat
6、e Tim Marzullo and myself, decided that what if we took this complex equipment that we have for studying the brain and made it simple enough and affordable enoughthat anyone that you know, an amateur or a high school student, could learn and actually participate in the discovery of neuroscience.当我还是
7、一名硕士的时候，就和同试验室的 Tim Marzullo 决定，将我们现在研究大脑用的复杂仪器进行简化，价格能足够亲民，让任何人，从神经科学兴趣者到高中生，全部能够学习并参加到探索神经科学的过程当中。And so we did just that. A few years ago, we started a company called Backyard Brains and we make DIY neuroscience equipment and I brought some here tonight, and I want to do some demonstrations. You
8、guys want to see some?于是我们这么做了。几年前，我们成立了一家名叫Backyard Brains (大脑后院) 的企业，关键生产DIY的神经科学仪器，我今天带来了部分，计划为大家做现场的演示。你们想看吗?So I need a volunteer. So right beforewhat is your name? (Applause) Sam Kelly: Sam. Greg Gage: All right, Sam, Im going to record from your brain. Have you had this before? SK: No. GG: I
9、need you to stick out your arm for science, roll up your sleeve a bit, So what Im going to do, Im putting electrodes on your arm, and youre probably wondering, I just said Im going to record from your brain, what am I doing with your arm?我需要一个志愿者。首先 你叫什么名字? Sam Kelly: Sam。Greg Gage：很好，Sam， 我接下来要统计你的
10、脑部活动了。你以前做过这个试验吗?SK：没有。GG：我需要你为了科学伸出胳膊，稍微卷起你的袖子，我接下来要做的，是在你的胳膊上贴多个电极，你可能在想，我刚说我要统计你的大脑，这跟胳膊有什么关系?Well, you have about 80 billion neurons inside your brain right now. Theyre sending electrical messages back and forth, and chemical messages. But some of your neurons right here in your motor cortex are
11、 going to send messages down when you move your arm like this. Theyre going to go down across your corpus callosum, down onto your spinal cord to your lower motor neuron out to your muscles here, and that electrical discharge is going to be picked up by these electrodes right here and were going to
12、be able to listen to exactly what your brain is going to be doing. So Im going to turn this on for a second.其实，此时此刻在你的大脑内有800亿神经元，它们在往返发送电信号和化学信号。但在这里有部分在你的运动皮质的神经元，你这么运动胳膊的时候会向下发送信号。这些信号会向下穿过胼胝体，进入你的脊髓，抵达下运动神经元，再抵达你这里的肌肉，这种电信号释放会被这里的电极接收，于是我们就能够听到你的大脑到底想要做些什么。我来打开这个东西。Have you ever heard what your
13、brain sounds like? SK: No. GG: Lets try it out. So go ahead and squeeze your hand. (Rumbling) So what youre listening to, so this is your motor units happening right here. Lets take a look at it as well. So Im going to stand over here, and Im going to open up our app here. So now I want you to squee
14、ze. (Rumbling)你有听过你的大脑的声音吗?SK：没有。GG：来试试吧。来试着抬肘握一下拳。(隆隆声)你现在听到的，这就是你的运动单元正在此处发挥作用。我们也来看一下好了。我会站在这里，我需要打开我们的应用程序。现在握一下拳，(隆隆声)So right here, these are the motor units that are happening from her spinal cord out to her muscle right here,and as shes doing it, youre seeing the electrical activity thats ha
15、ppening here. You can even click here and try to see one of them. So keep doing it really hard. So now weve paused on one motor action potential thats happening right now inside of your brain.就在这儿，这些就是正在起作用的运动单元，从她的脊椎延伸到这里的肌肉，伴伴随她的动作，你能够看到这里的电信号活动。你甚至能够点进去看其中的一个。继续不停地使劲握拳。我们现在暂停在此时此刻正在你脑内的一个运动电势。Do
16、you guys want to see some more? (Applause) Thats interesting, but lets get it better. I need one more volunteer. What is your name, sir? Miguel Goncalves: Miguel. GG: Miguel, all right. Youre going to stand right here. So when youre moving your arm like this, your brain is sending a signal down to your muscles right here.你们想看更多的吗?刚才的那个挺有趣的，不过还有更有意思的。我还需要一名志愿者。先生，请问你的名
