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1、 . . 鹰击长空基础不丢一、 宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，中考主要考查的知识点有三个：引导词、语序和时态1、宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词有三种：1）that；2）whether/ if；3）特殊疑问词What/ when/ where/ who等。He said that he could help me. Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week. Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？（1） that引导的宾语从句：that引导的宾
2、语从句一般都是由述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分， that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。（2）whether或if引导的宾语从句：从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成述语序。Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.I dont care whether you like the story or not
3、.注意：以下情况一般只用whether不用if。 接带to的动词不定式。She doesnt know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去动物园。 与or not连用时。Im not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否准时来，我说不准。（3）疑问词引导的宾语从句：此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。wh-词包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词，这些引导词有各自的意思，在从
4、句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如：Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? He didnt tell me how long he would stay here. 2、宾语从句的三个须知1）语序：宾语从句要用述语序，原来的倒装语序改成述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。把这两个简单句合成一个复合句：Where does your father work? Can you tell us? _Did you get home very late? He asked me. _2）时态：如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时
5、态。My teacher says he will be back in a week. My teacher says he has seen the movie. 如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。My father said he was watching TV at that time. My father said the he had already seen the movie.如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. 我们的老师告诉我
6、们太阳比地球大多了。3) 否定转移：主句的主语如果是第一人称，从句的否定要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如：I dont think theyll wait to the last minute. I dont believe he did this, did he? 二、定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词的后面，这个名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连接词称为关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句中代表先行词可以作主语、宾语、定语等。关系副词代表先行词在从句中可以作状语。关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语、表语who
7、m人宾语which物主语、宾语、表语that人、物主语、宾语、表语whose人、物定语关系副词when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语1. 选出正确的关系代词或关系副词的关键：看所修饰的是人还是物；看它所代表的先行词在定语从句中做什么成分。例如：Do you know the man who/that sells eggs to me? （先行词是“the man”，在从句中作主语，用who/ that）Your father was not on the train that/ which arrived just now. (先行词是物，用which/tha
8、t，在从句中作主语)This is the book (which / that) you wanted. (先行词是物，用which/that，在从句中作宾语，可省)Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor? (先行词是人，whose代表“男孩的”，在从句中作定语)You can go home where you can have a rest. (先行词是地点，where相当于at home，在从句中作地点状语)Do you remember the year when we were hungry every day？ (先行词是时间，w
9、hen相当于in the year，在从句中作时间状语）Do you know the reason why she didnt come to our party？ (先行词是原因，why相当于for the reason，在从句中作原因状语）2. 引导词作宾语时可以省略。例如：Have you seen the book (that) I gave you yesterday？3. 引导词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。例如：Do you know the man who is speaking to your father？三、状语从句用作状语的句子叫状语从句。引导状语从句的连接词是从属连
10、词。状语从句可以在句首，也可以在句尾，根据其用途可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句，比较状语从句等。1. 时间状语从句：时间状语从句表示时间，常用连接词有：when（当时），while（当时），as（当时），before（在之前），after（在之后），since（自从），until（直到）， as soon as（一就），once（一旦就）等。例如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework. I can listen to the radio while I work. 注意：时间状语
11、从句中，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。I will telephone you when he comes. Ill stay here until you come back. when引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生，从句的谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。例如：He was working when I went in.When she heard the news, she began to cry. while引导的状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词，意思是“在期间”。They rushed in while we were singing. 我
12、们唱歌时，他们冲进来。as引导状语从句，强调同时发生，不分先后。可以译成“随着”或“一边一边”。John sings as he walks home. while还可以表示两者之间的对比关系。I like playing football, while Tom likes listening to music. since引导状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。We have been friends since we met in Beijing. It has been six years since she left school. 2. 地点状语从句：地点状语从句表示地
13、点。其连接词有where（哪里），wherever（无论哪里）等。Put it where you find it. You can sit wherever you like. 3. 原因状语从句：原因状语从句表示原因或者理由。其连接词有：because（因为），as （因为），since（既然）等。I often eat carrots because they are good for my health. As I dont know the way, I had to ask the policeman. 注意： because表示因果关系语气最强，常用来回答why提出的问题。I d
14、idnt tell them because they were too young. because和so不能同在一个句子里。Because the book was expensive, I didnt buy it. (I 前不用so)4. 结果状语从句：表示结果。其连接词有：sothat（如此以致），so that（结果），such that（如此以致）等。Its such a good chance that you cant miss it. 注意： sothat 和 such that 都可以引导结果状语从句，注意so和such后面所接的词不同。 such. thatsucha(an)形容词单数可数名词that从句 such形容词复数名词/不可数名词that从句He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher. They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 但是如果名词前由many、much、few、little（少）等词修饰，则用so。例如： He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over
