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1、888大学毕业设计(论文)文献翻译题 目 层次分析法 院、系(部) 计算机科学与技术学院 专业及班级 计科0903班 姓 名 888 指 导 教 师 888 日 期 2013年3月 Analytic Hierarchy Process The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a structured technique for helping people deal with complex decisions. Rather than prescribing a correct decision, the AHP helps people to det
2、ermine one that suits their needs and wants. Based on mathematics and psychology, it was developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s and has been extensively studied and refined since then. The AHP provides a comprehensive and rational framework for structuring a problem, for representing and quantify
3、ing its elements, for relating those elements to overall goals, and for evaluating alternative solutions. It is used throughout the world in a wide variety of decision situations, in fields such as government, business, industry, healthcare, and education.Several firms supply computer software to as
4、sist in using the process.Users of the AHP first decompose their decision problem into a hierarchy of more easily comprehended sub-problems, each of which can be analyzed independently. The elements of the hierarchy can relate to any aspect of the decision problemtangible or intangible, carefully me
5、asured or roughly estimated, well- or poorly-understoodanything at all that applies to the decision at hand.Once the hierarchy is built, the decision makers systematically evaluate its various elements, comparing them to one another in pairs. In making the comparisons, the decision makers can use co
6、ncrete data about the elements, or they can use their judgments about the elements relative meaning and importance. It is the essence of the AHP that human judgments, and not just the underlying information, can be used in performing the evaluations.The AHP converts these evaluations to numerical va
7、lues that can be processed and compared over the entire range of the problem. A numerical weight or priority is derived for each element of the hierarchy, allowing diverse and often incommensurable elements to be compared to one another in a rational and consistent way. This capability distinguishes
8、 the AHP from other decision making techniques.In the final step of the process, numerical priorities are derived for each of the decision alternatives. Since these numbers represent the alternatives relative ability to achieve the decision goal, they allow a straightforward consideration of the var
9、ious courses of action.Uses and applicationsWhile it can be used by individuals working on straightforward decisions, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is most useful where teams of people are working on complex problems, especially those with high stakes, involving human perceptions and judgments, w
10、hose resolutions have long-term repercussions. It has unique advantages where important elements of the decision are difficult to quantify or compare, or where communication among team members is impeded by their different specializations, terminologies, or perspectives.Decision situations to which
11、the AHP can be applied include: Choice - The selection of one alternative from a given set of alternatives, usually where there are multiple decision criteria involved. Ranking - Putting a set of alternatives in order from most to least desirable Prioritization - Determining the relative merit of a
12、set of alternatives, as opposed to selecting a single one or merely ranking them Resource allocation - Apportioning resources among a set of alternatives Benchmarking - Comparing the processes in ones own organization with those of other best-of-breed organizations Qualitymanagement - Dealing with t
13、he multidimensional aspects of quality and quality improvement The applications of AHP to complex decision situations have numbered in the thousands, and have produced extensive results in problems involving planning, Resource allocation, priority setting, and selection among alternatives. Other are
14、as have included forecasting, toreotal quality management, business process re-engineering ,quality function deployment， and the Balanced Scorecard.Many AHP applications are never reported to the world at large, because they take place at high levels of large organizations where security and privacy
15、 considerations prohibit their disclosure. But some uses of AHP are discussed in the literature. Recently these have included: Deciding how best to reduce the impact of global climate change (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei) Quantifying the overall quality of software system(Microsoft corporation) Selecting university faculty(Bloomsburg University of Pennsy) Deciding where to locate offshore manufacturing plants(University of Cambridge) Assessing risk in operating cross-country prtroleum pipelines(American Society of Civil Enginee
