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1、chapter 1 A general survey1、 UK全称: Official name -the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. -the United Kingdom of the UK每个nation旳capitalCapital cityNational EmblemEnglandLondonroseScotlandEdinburghThistle 蓟花WalesCardiff 加旳夫Daffodil 水仙花Northern IrelandBelfast 贝尔法斯特Shamrock 三叶草2、 Nort
2、hern Ireland:Lough Neagh:the largest lake in Britain which covers an area of 396 k (内伊湖)3、Scotland: Ben Nevis:the highest mountain in Britain（本尼维斯山）4、Edinburgh :1.the capital city of Scotland 2.economic center of Scotland 3.a tourist city second only to London in UK(Royal Miles & Princes Street)皇家英里
3、大道&王子大街（1）Edinburgh castle(十字皇宫）:symbol of Edinburgh & situated on a mound of Vol（2） Windsor castle(温莎城堡）:largest occupied castle（3） Holyrood palace（荷里路德宫）：the official residence（住处） of the Monarch of the United Kingdom in Scotland,located at the bottom of the Royal Mile in Edinburgh,at the opposite
4、 end to Edinburgh Castle The stone of destiny命运之石 Coronation stone 加冕石=referred to in England Referendum 苏格兰公投5、 England Mountain-the Pennines(北乃恩山脉) Backbone of the central Northern England London East-poor West-rich important river in London ：Thames泰晤士河 London Eye：the largest Ferris Wheel 摩天轮 in E
5、urope/ Big Ben=Elizabeth Tower the largest four-faced chiming clock Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特教堂 Palace of Westminster 威斯敏斯特宫 House of Parliament 国会大厦 Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫 3、 Further information National currency（本国货币）： GBP=Great Britain Pound（英镑） National day ：Queens Birthday 2nd Saturday of June si
6、nce 1952实际=April 21,1926 National flag ：Union Flag adopted on Jan 1st 1801 National flower：rose Location：Western Europe6、Geography (Q:Describe the geographical position of Britain?) .Location -Located off the northwest coast of Europe -an island country surrounded by four seas .to the south by the E
7、nglish Channel,which separates it from continental Europe .to the east by the North Sea .to the west by the Irish sea .to the north by the Atlantic Ocean7、Land & People .very unevenly distributed:90% urban 10% rural .Britain multiracial society and 1 in 20 people are of non-European ethnicity8、Clima
8、te :a Favorable Maritime Climate（海洋性气候）Q: .a rainy,changeable and unpredictable weather .mild（温和旳）winters and cool summers .a steady and reliable（稳定旳） rainfall throughout the year .a small range of temperature(4-6 in the north in Winter,and 12-17 in the south in summer)And Factor 影响因素 .The surroundi
9、ng watersQ: .south-west winds .North Atlantic Drift（北大西洋漂流）9、The British Isles,Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British CommonwealthOfficial name +The British Isles -Great Britain (England,Wales,Scotland) -Northern Ireland(also known as Ulster) -The Republic of Ireland (also the Iris
10、h Republic,formerly Eire) -Numerous smaller islandsBritish IslesUnited KingdomIrelandRepublic NorthernOf Ireland IrelandGreat BritainScotland Wales England Wales EnglandChapter2. Government1、政治体制-议会制君主立宪制Constitutional Monarchy 君主立宪制 Parliamentary Democracy 议会民主制2、Monarch 君主: Queen Elizabeth Born: A
11、pril 21,1926 Queen since June 2,1952 Officially the head of state,the country is actually run By the government and led by the Prime Minister3、Magna Carta (=Great Charter) 大宪章 King John(agreed in) 1215Q:What powers does the Queen have ? -She reigns but does not rule (临朝不理政) Theoretically,she is the
12、source of all government powers: .an integral part of the legislature.head of the executive,legislative and judiciary branches .the commander-in-chief of all armed forces of the Crown .”supreme governor”of the Church of England4、Parliament: Legislative body Located in Westminster Q:Parliament consis
13、ts of the Sovereign,the House of Lords & the House of Commons Parliament （a French word for a talking-place) .Females allowed to vote until 1918 .A by-election is held when a Member of Parliament dies,retires or resigns (递补选举)Q:Main Function of Parliament:.to make laws .to control and criticize the
14、executive government .to control the raising and the spending of money .to debate the major issues of the dayThe House of Lords 上议院Consists of the Lords Spiritual(神职议员) and the lords Temporal (世俗议员）with the Lord chancellor（大法官）as the President of the HouseThe head of the House of Commons-the Speaker 议长 Next only to the Prime MinisterHouse of Commons number of members 6505.Executive 行政Executive body:the Sovereign,Prime Minister & CabinetNo.10 Downing Street 唐宁街
