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1、中考专项复习被动语态运用技巧总结本章节内容1.被动语态的基本形式2.不同时态的被动语态3.被动语态的技巧指导4.常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况5.被动语态在句子中运用1被动语态的基本形式一、被动语态的结构 被动语态的结构为be动词加动词的过去分词,即“be+done”。在不同的时态中,be动词有不同的形式。二、常用被动语态的情况1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。Many trees must be planted every year.每年必须种许多树。3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。C
2、hinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的广泛使用)4.动作的发出者是物。Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房子被洪水冲走了。2不同时态的被动语态1.时态和语态的结合是中考的必考点,尤其是一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are+doneThe classroom is cleaned by us.一般过去时was/were+doneThe kite was made by him.一般将
3、来时will/shall+be doneTrees will be planted by them tomorrow.2.其他时态的被动语态时态被动语态例句现在完成时have/has+been doneThe work has been finished by Jim.过去完成时had+been doneThe work had been finished by Jim by last week.现在进行时am/is/are+being doneThe flowers are being watered by her.过去进行时was/were+being doneA letter was b
4、eing written by her.过去将来时would/be going to+bedoneHe said a kite would be made by him.3.含有情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词+be+done”。Your homework must be finished today.你的作业今天必须完成。3被动语态的技巧指导（1）根据选项定考点单项填空对语态的考查均会结合时态，4个选项中一般包含两个主动语态，两个被动语态；而其对时态的考查一般不会涉及语态。因此，如果选项中出现被动语态，即可判断此题考查被动语态，由此便可排除非被动语态的选项。（2）根据时态选答案首先，考生需
5、要根据关键词（时间状语）来判断时态。对于没有关键词的试题，则要根据上下文已经给出的时态、语境理解并结合常识进行判断。如：Tell me one thing youre proud of in your junior high school, Tony.I _ as the captain of the school football team.A. choose B. chose C. am chosen D. was chosen方法点拨第1步：根据选项A、B为时态，C、D为被动语态可知本题考查被动语态，因此可排除A、B两项。第2步：再根据语境可知，Tony被选为校足球队队长是他初中生活中最
6、值得骄傲的一件事情，说明这是已经发生过的事情，应该用一般过去时。故选D。4常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况（1）主动语态中有些感官动词（如：hear, see, watch, notice等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原，即：hear(see)sb. do sth.sb. be heard(seen) to do sth.。We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening b
7、y us.晚上我们经常听到那个女孩在她的房间里唱歌。（2）主动语态中有些使役动词（如：make, let等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原，即：make sb. do sth.sb. be made to do sth.。主动结构表示被动意义的情况（1）动词open, read, sell, write等作不及物动词, 且它们的主语为物时。如：The pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好用。（2）某些连系动词（如smell, look, taste, feel, sound等）描述某物特性时。如：This kind of flower s
8、mells sweet. 这种花闻起来很香。（3）一些动词的主动形式表被动意义。be worth doing中,doing表示被动意义。如：This movie is worth watching. 这部电影值得一看。“need/require+doing”相当于“need/require+to be done”, to be done 是不定式的被动结构。如：Your car needs washing.= Your car needs to be washed. 你的汽车该洗了。根据汉语意思完成句子1.This kind of pants well.这种裤子卖得好。2.That story
9、 interesting.那个故事听起来有趣。3.This book is worth .这本书值得读。4.My watch needs . 我的表需要修理。5.This shop is at 8:00 in the morning. 这家商店早上八点开门。【答案】1.sells2.sounds3.reading4.repairing/to be repaired5.opened中考试练1. Do you like the famous basketball star Kobe?Yes, I really like him. He _ by many people around the wor
10、ld.A. admireB. admiresC. is admiredD. is admiring【答案】C【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意“你喜欢著名的篮球明星科比吗？”“是的，我真的喜欢他。他被全世界的许多人所崇拜。”根据关键词“by”可知此处应使用被动语态，即be+动词的过去分词。故选C。2. Your scarf feels soft. Did you buy it in China?No, I bought it in France. But it _ in China.A. is makingB. was madeC. makesD. made【答案】B【解析】考查一般过去时
11、的被动语态。句意为“你的围巾摸起来很柔软。你是在中国买的它吗？”“不，我在法国买的。但是它是在中国制造的。”这里主语it(the scarf)与谓语make是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。由前一句bought可知是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故选B。3. During the APEC summit(峰会), Beijings sky was so blue and clear.It _ APEC blue. But too bad it no longer stays that way.A. is calledB. are calledC. called D. calls【答案】A【解析
12、】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“在亚太经济合作组织峰会期间，北京的天空如此地蔚蓝和干净。”“它_APEC蓝。但是很糟糕的是它不再保持那样了。”主语It为单数，且与谓语动词call之间是动宾关系。故选A。4.Chinas hot words, like tuhao, dama and lianghui, _ in the western media(媒体).A. use widelyB. is widely usedC. uses widelyD. are widely used【答案】D【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意:汉语热词,比如“土豪”、“ 大妈”和“两会”, _ 于西方媒体。本句主
13、语words和use之间是动宾关系,应该使用被动语态。“Chinas hot words”是复数名词短语,故选D。5. _ free breakfasts _ in all schools in China?No, not yet. Only in the rural areas.A. Are; made B. Do; serveC. Are; servedD. Do; make【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析和被动语态。句意“免费早餐在中国所有的学校里都_吗？”“不，还没呢。只有农村地区有。”免费早餐应是被提供。应用被动语态。故选C。6.With the development of Ch
14、ina, Chinese _ by a large number of people in the world.A. speaksB. is spokenC. speakD. is speaking【答案】B【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：随着中国的发展，汉语被世界上大量人讲。“汉语”和“讲”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据语境可知用一般现在时。故选B。7. Why does the earth look blue in space?Because most of the earths surface _ by ocean.A. coversB. is coveredC. coverD. are covered【答案】B【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意“为什么地球在太空中看起来是蓝色的？”“因为地球表面大部分都被海洋_。”主语“most of the earths surface”为第三人称单数，且是动作承受者，客观事实应用一般现在时，此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。8. Emily was glad that she _ for her honesty at that meeting.A. praisesB. praisedC. is praisedD. was praised【答案】D【解析】
