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1、 定语从句用法总结一. 定义：定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.其中划线部分为定语从句。二. 分类：分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，还有间隔性定语从句。eg: 1.This is the school (that/which)we visited last year. （限制性定语从句） 2.The weather turned out to be very good,which was more
2、than we could expect. （非限制性定语从句） 3.The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.（ 间隔性定语从句）注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。三. 构成：定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。eg: The old town has narrow streets and
3、 small houses that are built close to each other.此句中先行词为：narrow streets and small houses,引导词为：that， 定语从句为：that are built close to each other四基本原则定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词Eg.This is the book that I like it best .(it 与book指同一物，所以要去掉。)五定语从句中常见考点： 考点一.关系代词和关系副词的辨别1. 关系代词that（人、物），which（物）、who(m)（人）、whose（某
4、人的，某物的）、as2. 关系副词when（表时间）、where（表地点）、why（表原因）注：关系副词可变为“介词+关系代词”结构（即：关系副词=介词+关系代词）。eg:This is the mountain village where(=in which)I stayed last month.3. 怎样选择正确的关系代词或关系副词方法一：找出先行词和定语从句中动词，看定从中动词与先行词能否构成习惯搭配。能，用关系代词；不能，用关系副词.Eg.I will never forget the day that I spent with my parents.(定从中动词spent 与先行词
5、the day 构成spent the day ,所以用关系代词that或which或省略) 方法二：找出先行词和定语从句，看定语从句是否缺少主语、宾语或表语，如缺少，用关系代词。如不缺少，定语从句所表达意思相对完整，用关系副词。eg:.This is the factory _ made cars . (缺少主语，所以用关系代词that 或which，作主语不能省略) .This is the reason _ he was late for school.(定语从句he was late for school 表达意思相对完整，所以用关系副词why 或介词+关系代词for which)注意
6、：当先行词为case、position、point、situation、society、activity等抽象意义的名词时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句.eg:He got himself into a dangerous situation where he may lose control of the plane .考点二. 定从中that 与which的区别1. 关系代词只用that的情况。（1）当先行词为不定代词（all、much、little、few、some、any、none、one、something、anything、everything等）或先行词被不定形容词（all
7、、many、some、few、little等）修饰时。eg:Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？ （2）当先行词既有人又有物时。eg:Do you know the things and persons that you are talking about.（3）当先行词含有序数词或最高级时。eg: This bus is the first that will go to Beijing. This is the best movie that I have ever seen.（4）当先行词被only、very、ne
8、xt、last等修饰时。eg:This is the very book that Im looking for.（5）在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中。eg:Which is the bike that you lost?（6）当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。eg:Zhengzhou is no longer the city that it used to be.2.关系代词只用which的情况。（1）引导非限制性定语从句时。eg:He turned to be a very successful man,which was more than we expected.（2）在“介词
9、+关系代词”结构中，关系代词只用which。 eg:This is the question about which they have so much discussion in the past few weeks.（3）当关系代词后有插入成分时。eg: Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.3.指人时，关系代词只用who(m)的情况。（1）引导非限制性定语从句时。eg:She has a daughter,who is a d
10、octor in the famous hospital.（2）当“介词+关系代词(宾格形式)”结构引导定语从句时。eg: The gentleman about whom you told me proved to be a thief.（3）当关系代词后有插入成分时。eg:This is my friend who,I think,is the best in our class.（4）在There be句型结构中，先行词指人时。eg:There is a young lady who asks for you.考点三：as的用法及as与which的区别1. as引导的定语从句（1）as常
11、用于固定搭配中：the same. . . as，suchas，as/soaseg:.Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city as everyone likes to visit.比较：Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city that everyone likes to visit it.注意：第一句是定语从句，所以定从中没有出现与先行词city 意义上一致的词，第二句是状语从句，that 后应为完整句子，所以it 不能省略。 .Today I bought the same bike as Tom did last week .(同
12、样的但不是同一辆)比较：Today he wears the same coat that he did yesterday .（同一件衣服）（2） as常用于固定句型中：as we all / everyboby know(s), ,as is often the case,as we expect等。 eg:As we all know,Zhengzhou is an attractive city.2.在非限制性定语从句中，as与which的区别指代整句话内容时，as可位于主句前面、中间或后面；而which一般位于主句后。另外，which还可指代一个名词或一个短语。eg: As we a
13、ll know,Tom is a good boy. ：China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.：She doesnt think she is wrong,which makes her teacher angry.（which指代上文整个句子） .as在句中有正如之意，而which没有， eg: He succeeded this time,as had been expected. She has made great progress,which makes her parents very
14、happy. As we all know,knowledge changes life. 考点四. 定从中所属关系的表达whose引导定语从句时必须和名词放在一起。whose+n(s)=the+n(s)+of which/whom=of +which/whom+the+n(s)eg:The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.= The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired.= The house of which the roof was dama
15、ged has now been repaired.考点五定从中动词形式与先行词的一致 eg: He is one of the students who fail the exam. He is the only one of the students who fails the exam. Those who are fond of studying do well in exams.考点六. the way作先行词引导定从时，关系词可用in which/that/省略。eg:I dont like the way that/in which/省略he spoke to me. 考点七. 介词+关系代词在这种结构中，关系代词表示人,只能用whom ；关系代词表示物,只能用which 。 *怎样选择正确的介词1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。如： This is the pen on which I spent 10 yuan. (spend money on sth.为固定搭配) This is the pen
