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1、专题06动词的时态和语态1. 掌握时态和语态的结构和基本用法2. 熟练运用时间状语以及上下文确定动词的时态和语态3. 掌握一些固定句式中时态和语态的用法 动词时态的考查要点1.一般现在时考点分析(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Time and tide wait for no man.(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。They always care for each other and help each other.(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see，he
2、ar，smell，taste，feel，notice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belong to，seem等。Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party，my family will b
3、e pleased.(5)少数用于表示起止的动词如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。The shop closes at 1100 p.m. every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.2.一般过去时考点分析(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有
4、料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。We met her in the street yesterday.When he was young，he took cold baths regularly.(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。He told me he read an interesting novel last night. (3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but，and，when，as soon as，immediately，the moment，the minute等。The mom
5、ent she came in，she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it.(4)常用一般过去时的句型。Why didnt you think of that？I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.3.一般将来时考点分析(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall动词，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，next week
6、等。(2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.(3)表示趋向行为的动词如come，go，start，begin，leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。(4)be going to，will/shall，be to do，be about to do的用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。If it is fine，
7、well go fishing.If it is fine，we are going to go fishing.be to do表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 300 oclock this afternoon.be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.4.现在进行时考点分析(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时正在进行的动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；go，come等表示移
8、动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always，often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩。She is teaching English and learning Chinese.He is working on a paper.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.The girl is always talking loud in public.(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。表示心理状态、情感的动词：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wis
9、h，agree，mean，need等。表存在状态的动词：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to等。表示行为结果的动词：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。表示感官的动词：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。5.过去完成时考点分析(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。在by，by the end，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。By the end of last year，we had p
10、roduced 20,000 cars.The train had left before we reached the station. 表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped/planned.to have done。“时间名词before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。He said his first teacher had died at least 10
11、 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.在hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner than.句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一就”。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he (had
12、) left the room，the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.6.过去将来时考点分析过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。He always said that he would study hard at that time.7.过去进行时考点分析过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.8.现在完成时考点分析(1)现在完成时除可以
13、和for，since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months，weeks)，in recent years，so far，up to now等。(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时It is(has been)一段时间since从句This(That/It) is the first(second.) time that现在完成时This(That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting.that现在完成时(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时
14、。I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment，you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.动词语态的考查要点考点一 被动语态的构成(以do为例) 现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般is/am/are donewas/were/donewill/shall be donewould/should be done进行is/am/are being donewas/we
15、re being done完成have/has been donehad been donewill/shall have been donewould/should have been done考点二 被动语态的用法1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。 The window is dirty. 窗户脏了。 I know.It hasnt been cleaned for weeks. 我知道。好几周没擦了。2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。 All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home. 除了经理以外,所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。特别提示 “get+过去分词”也可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。She got married last week.她上周结婚了。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。
