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1、Unit 4 Sharing.阅读理解APatients in the early stages of Alzheimers disease often struggle to remember recently learned information, meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in the brain
2、somewhere; they just cant be easily accessed.Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimers. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (转基因神经元). Currently it is too early to be used in human tri
3、als as it involves inserting light emitting(发光) equipment into the subjects brains, but the same principles still apply, the researchers said.“The important point is that this is evidence of the concept. That is, even if a memory seems to be gone, it is still there. Its a matter of how to get it bac
4、k，”said the senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.The team took two groups of mice, one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimers and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock.All of the mice showed fear when put back an hour later. When placed in the room a t
5、hird time several days later, the Alzheimers mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock.The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating(激活) the cells in which the memories were stored. Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room, they showed fear whe
6、n the cells associated with the shock were activated.“Shortterm memories seem to be normal in order of hours.But for longterm memories, these earlyAlzheimers mice seem to be damaged，”said the lead researcher Dheeraj Roy.“Directly activating the cells that we believe are holding the memory helps them
7、 get it back. This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information, not that they are unable to learn or store this memory.”语篇解读本文主要介绍了利用光控制转基因神经元使早老性痴呆病患者恢复记忆的技术。1What can we learn about the researchers at MIT?AThey are the pioneers of brain research.BThey have used the method in hu
8、man trials.CThey can cure Alzheimers using the new method.DThey can get back memories in mice with Alzheimers.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Now，researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimers.”可知，他们能够使患有早老性痴呆病的老鼠恢复记忆。答案：D2Why did the Alzheimers mice behave n
9、ormally the third time?AThey failed to remember the electric shock.BThey were accustomed to the situation.CThey managed to overcome the fear.DThey activated the association automatically.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“the Alzheimers mice acted normally.They had forgotten the shock.”可知，这些老鼠忘记了受到的电击。答案：A3For longter
10、m memories, the earlyAlzheimers mice .Acan transform their brain cellsBcant learn new tricks wellCcan easily get back their memoriesDcant access the information stored解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But for longterm memories，these earlyAlzheimers mice seem to be damaged”和“Directly activating.this memory”可知，对于长期记忆来
11、说，这些处于早老性痴呆病早期的老鼠因为(脑细胞)已经被损害，不能获得这种已经储存的信息。答案：D4The main purpose of the text is to .Aintroduce a method of a researchBreport the latest discovery about a diseaseCgive advice on how to improve memoriesDexplain how a brain stores information解析：作者意图题。通读全文可知，本文的主要目的是报道关于早老性痴呆病的最新发现。答案：BBIf you followed
12、 the 2016 Olympic Games, you may have noticed that several athletes, including US swimmer Michael Phelps, had circular bruises on their bodies. These bruises were the result of “cupping (拔火罐) therapy”， a traditional Chinese medicinal practice that has been around for more than 2,000 years.Many athle
13、tes say that they have benefited from the therapy. Phelps used the therapy in the fall of 2014 and has used it about twice a week since, reported ABC News. Another US swimmer, Dana Vollmer, also believes that “it really helps with blood flow”However, some have said that the supposed health effects r
14、esult from peoples feeling that the treatment works, rather than any physical effect of the treatment.To figure out cupping therapy has any physical effect, last year researchers from Germany carried out a test in which a false treatment was provided.In the study, the same type of cups was used in t
15、he real treatment and the false treatment. But in the false treatment，the cups had a hole at the top so that they couldnt create the proper suction (吸力)The tested patients, who suffered from a disorder that caused a lot of pain, were told that they would receive either traditional cupping or “soft c
16、upping”. But they were not informed that the socalled “soft cupping” was a false treatment.It turned out that most patients correctly guessed which kind of cupping they had received. In both groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain. “The results suggest the effects of cupping therapy might com
